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| Author(s): |
Martin Egon Maitino
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2025-02-24 |
| Examining board members: |
Pedro Feliú Ribeiro;
Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de Faria;
Rogério de Souza Farias;
Carlos Roberto Sanchez Milani
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| Advisor: | Pedro Feliú Ribeiro |
| Abstract | |
The pluralization of Brazilian foreign policy, characterized by an increase in participation and a decrease in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs\' (MRE) influence on policymaking, is a frequent subject of debate in Foreign Policy Analysis. Further advancement of this agenda, however, is limited by the difficulty of measuring and comparing patterns of participation over time and between issues, hindering proper investigation of the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. To address this problem, in this thesis we develop a series of instruments to investigate the relationship between participation and foreign policy, applying them to the analysis of Brazilian environmental foreign policy. Throughout the research, we describe how and to what extent pluralization has taken place in environmental foreign policy and analyze the implications such transformations in the policy process pose for Brazil\'s positions. To do this, we designed a three-stage study. First, we built a database compiling Brazilian participants in environmental foreign policy events between 1970 and 2018. Using descriptive statistics and network analysis techniques, we show that pluralization is not widespread, being restricted to a small group of issues on the environmental agenda that emerged in the 1990s. In these new issues, Itamaraty shares space with bodies such as the Environment Ministry (MMA) and the Science and Technology Ministry (MCT), but continues to occupy a central position in the policy community. In the second stage of the study, we contextualize our data through comparative historical analysis, showing the political disputes and the evolution of the subsystem over four decades. In this process, we reveal the difficulties Itamaraty had in establishing and maintaining a policy monopoly in the environmental area and trace the emergence of a dispute between coalitions led by the MRE and the MMA. In the third part of the research, we investigate the effects of pluralization on climate foreign policy. More specifically, we explore how the centrality of two influential actors in this policy area – the MMA and the MRE – relates to the positions Brazil adopts in climate negotiations. To do this, we combined network centrality statistics, data on interactions within the Climate Convention negotiations, and a content analysis of Brazilian speeches at the climate COPs. Our results show that when the MRE has a greater role in coordinating the community, Brazil moves closer to the G77 countries in the negotiations. On the other hand, as the MMA\'s clout grows, we see greater convergence with countries from the European Union and the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS). Our results point to the influence of bureaucratic politics in the definition of Brazilian foreign policy positions, reinforcing the relevance of investigating the domestic process even in a context in which positions are strongly affected by countries\' structural characteristics, as in climate negotiations (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 20/07387-1 - Pluralization of Brazilian foreign policy: an analysis through environmental themes |
| Grantee: | Martin Egon Maitino |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |