Processing of cooked fermented sausages with chicken leg and thigh meat

Author(s)

Angela Dulce Cavenaghi

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Campinas, SP. , gráficos, tabelas.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
• Defense date: 2005-02-18

Examining board members

Nelson José Beraquet; Adalberto Pessoa Junior; Ana Lucia de Silva Correia Lemos; Bento da Costa Carvalho Junior; Marise Aparecida Rodrigues Pollonio

• Advisor: Nelson José Beraquet
• Field of knowledge: Agronomical Sciences - Food Science and Technology
• Indexed in: Base Acervus-UNICAMP; Biblioteca Digital da UNICAMP
• Location: Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Biblioteca Central Cesar Lattes ; T/UNICAMP; C315e; Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Biblioteca da Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos; T/UNICAMP; C315e

Abstract

Taking into account the market demands, it is necessary to develop a wider array of industrialized chicken products, with special emphasis on the use of leg and thigh meat since they do not have a consumer acceptance as high as breast meat. Cooked fermented sausages can be made by using chicken leg and thigh meat, creating then a new product not yet available to the Brazilian market. Chicken leg and thigh meat was used to replace pork and beef on a standard salami formulation, maintaining the swine fat cubes and cooking the sausages after the fermentation stage and after they had reached the desired pH level. The effects of two levels of dextrose addition (0.4 and 0.75%) and the development of two different starter cultures (Culture 1 Staphylococcus carnosus and Lactobacillus pentosus, and culture 2 Staphylococcus xylosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus) were evaluated. The salamis also had different added swine fat contents (12 and 16%) in order to result in light e regular products, and the drying/maturation period was controlled in order to obtain two water activity levels (Aw) in the final product (0.87-0.88 and 0.90-0.91). The experimental design was a complete factorial, with a total of 16 treatments in duplicate. The pH and Aw fall curves were determined daily, as were the proximate composition of the initial and final product. The measurements of L*, a* and b* colour values, shear force, residual nitrote, chlorides, and lactic acidity were performed on the final product. Also, sensorial analysis of overall acceptance (taste, firmness, color and overall rating) as well as quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) (appearance, taste, texture and aroma), were performed on the final product. The microbiological safety of those products was determined through the counting of coliforms, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus. The products made with 0.4% dextrose addition did not reach a pH below 5.3. Therefore the 0.75% level is recommended. The use of culture 2 reduced in 10 hours the fermentation period, comparing to culture 1. The products made using culture 2 and with Aw 0.90-0.91 had the processing time reduced by one day when compared to Aw 0.87-0.88. On the other hand, products made using culture 1 were described as having an aroma more typical of salami and were considered juicier. The products with a 12% fat addition would be classified as light according to the Brazilian legislation. All treatments, considering both the sensorial analyses of overall acceptance and QDA methods, were considered ¿good¿ in terms of the attributes studied. On a second phase, the light product (23.7% fat content) and the regular one (29.5% fat content) had their shelf-lives determined at room temperature. In order to do so were determined the levels of pH and Aw, the shear force, the lipid oxidation, and the QDA throughout the storage period. The QDA showed that the sensory characteristics of the product were similar and presented 80% purchasing intent from consumers. The shelf-life of both product was around 90 days, although the sensory characteristics remained unchanged during 120th day of storage (AU)