Supercritical extraction of astaxanthin and lipids with high content of 'omega'-3 from brazilian redspotted shrimp waste (Farfantepenaeus paulensis)

Author(s)

Andrea del Pilar Sanchez Camargo

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
• Defense date: 2010-05-05

Examining board members

Fernando Antonio Cabral; Maria Angela de Almeida Meireles Petenate; Patricia Franco Leal

• Advisor: Fernando Antonio Cabral

Abstract

The yield processing by-products and the proximate composition of shrimp waste from the redspotted shrimp (Penaeus paulensis) was investigated. Shrimp¿s waste (freeze-dried head, shell and tail) was found of high protein content (48,8 % dry wt.) and high level of ash (27,0 % dry wt.). The shrimp waste had low lipid content (4,9% dry wt.), although it was higher than other kind of shrimp captured in Brazil. The fatty acid compositions showed that the lipids had high content of fatty acids unsaturated, mainly EPA (C20:5; n-3) and DHA (C22:6; n-3). In order to establish an efficient and environmentaly friendly recovery of lipids and astaxanthin (ASX) (the major carotenoid and antioxidant present in the waste) was compared three types of extraction process: a) extraction with organic solvents, b) Supercritical CO2 extraction, with the process variables pressure (200-400 bar) and temperature (40-60 °C) and c) extraction with supercritical CO2 and ethanol as cosolvent, varying the concentration of ethanol in the extractive solvent mixture (5 , 10 and 15% (w/ w)).The results showed that the maximum amount of astaxanthin extracted from the residue was 53,30 µg ASX / g of waste (dry wt.), when used as solvent a mixture of hexane and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) at a ratio of 60: 40 (% v/v). The supercritical CO2 extraction, showed that the best condition of extraction of carotenoids was 370 bar and 43 °C (20,72 µg ASX / g of waste dry wt.). It was observed that the higher pressure of 300 bar and temperatures between 40 and 50 ° C, reached concentrations of astaxanthin in the extract over 1000 ASX µg/gextract, this value was similar to that extraction with the extraction with IPA and nhexane, showing the supercritical extraction as a competitive technology. The use of co-solvent showed an increase in both lipid and astaxanthin extraction, showing that the optimum extraction of these compounds was achieved when used 15% (w/w) ethanol (93.8 % lipid recovery and 62.8 % astaxanthin recovery). With regard, the extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids, their content in the extract was improved as the temperature and pressure increased and as ethanol was added to CO2. Astaxanthin was identified in all extracts by comparing with their standard pure by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and quantified by spectrophotometry (AU)