The influence of cigarrette smoke inhalation and its cessation on periodontal tissues and on bone around titanium implants: a study in rats

Author(s)

João Batista César Neto

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Piracicaba, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
• Defense date: 2005-06-22

Examining board members

Francisco Humberto Nociti Junior; Giuseppe Alexandre Romito; Poliana Mendes Duarte; Enílson Antonio Sallum; Antônio Wilson Sallum

• Advisor: Francisco Humberto Nociti Junior

Abstract

Smoking has been reported to negatively impact on titanium implants success rates and has been considered a true risk factor for periodontal disease. Some studies have shown that former-smokers present a implant success rate similar to the one of never-smokers, and that the risk of clinical attachment loss decreases after smoking cessation. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to histologically evaluate, in an animal model (rats), the influence of cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) on 1- bone tissue around titanium implants inserted in tibiae, 2- the tooth-supporting alveolar bone, and 3- bone loss resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis and MMP-2 expression in gingival tissue. Additionally, it was investigated the influence of CSI cessation on the conditions described above, e.g. bone healing around titanium implants and bone loss resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis. The results of the present study demonstrated that CSI exerted a negative influence on the preexisting and newly-formed bone around titanium implants and, both temporary and complete CSI cessation were able to revert its harmful effect. Similar findings were observed for the tooth-supporting alveolar bone, where CSI negatively affected bone density and such an effect was reverted after CSI cessation. With respect to the ligature-induced periodontitis, CSI enhanced bone loss in the furcation area and produced higher levels of MMP-2 in gingival tissue adjacent to periodontitis sites. In addition, CSI cessation exerted a positive impact on bone loss, with the cessation group showing a bone loss rate similar to the one of control group. Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that: 1- CSI exerted a negative effect on both preexisting and newly-formed bone around titanium implants; 2- CSI may enhance periodontal breakdown, and MMP-2 may take part of this process; 3- the negative effects of CSI, on bone around implants and periodontal tissues, may be reverted after smoking cessation (AU)