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| Author(s): |
Anna Leticia Montenegro Turtelli Pighinelli
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola |
| Defense date: | 2010-12-02 |
| Examining board members: |
Kil Jin Park;
Marcia Martinelli;
Roseli Aparecida Ferrari;
Renato Grimaldi;
Antonio José de Almeida Meirelles
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| Advisor: | Kil Jin Park |
| Abstract | |
The present work had as aim to evaluate biodiesel production using ethanol and four types of raw materials. In the first part of the study, the oil expression of hole peanut grain, cottonseed and sunflower was evaluated. A experimental design with two variables was used to estimate the influence of the independent variables: grain temperature (25 to 110oC), grain moisture content (4 to 13.95%) and expeller rotation (85 to 119rpm) on the crude oil and oil quality for its use in biodiesel production. The best condition for peanut oil expeller was: rotation from 80 to 90rpm, grain temperature from 40 to 50oC and grain moisture content from 8 to 12%, with a maximum oil recovered of 95.74%. For cottonseed oil expeller, the best oil yield was 75.38%, for 85rpm of expeller rotation, 9% of grain moisture content and grain temperature ranged from 110 to 120oC. Sunflower crude oil best results, 68.38%, was achieved for rotation ranged from 100 to 115rpm, grain temperature from 25 to 30oC and moisture content around 7%. The follow study was the transesterification of crude oils, evaluating the influence of molar ratio ethanol:oil and catalyst concentration sodium methylate, on the unpurified biodiesel yield. The higher unpurified peanut biodiesel yield was 96.82% using molar ratio of 9:1 and 3% of catalyst. Cottonseed biodiesel production was affected by oil high acid value so the chemical reaction not occurs in the experimental conditions provided in this work. Sunflower oil ethanolysis had the higher yield of 98.39% for a molar ratio of 9:1 with 3% of sodium methylate. Refined soybean oil was also used in biodiesel production; the maximum biodiesel yield was 97.08% for a molar ratio of 15:1 and 3% of catalyst. Critical experimental conditions obtained in laboratory scale were applied in small reactor and the biodiesel produced was purified with acid water, silica and distillation. All biodiesel samples had quality aspects evaluated concerning Brazilian legislation. Distillation was the best purification method for all biodiesel types. Amongst all oilseeds evaluated, sunflower had the best performance in all studies: oil expeller, oil yield, biodiesel production and biodiesel purification. Sunflower cultivation contributes for soil improvement and the cake resulting from oil expeller has a higher protein level and has market value (AU) | |