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| Author(s): |
Maria Elisa Caetano Silva Abreu
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos |
| Defense date: | 2013-03-22 |
| Examining board members: |
Flavia Maria Netto;
Juliana Azevedo Lima Pallone;
Lucia del Carmen de la Hoz Urrejola
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| Advisor: | Flavia Maria Netto; Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco |
| Abstract | |
Iron deficiency is one of the major nutritional problems in the world, being the food supplementation with iron salts an important strategy to combat this deficiency. However, in salt form, this mineral has low bioavailability and may lead to stomachache, diarrhea and even cause changes in flavor and appearance of food products. Iron-peptides chelates have been suggested as a promising source of more bioavailable iron, reducing these side effects. This study aimed at evaluating the iron-binding ability of peptides obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of whey protein isolate (WPI) with alcalase (AH), pancreatin (PH) or flavourzyme (FH). Hydrolysates were ultrafiltered in 5 kDa membrane and permeate (< 5 kDa) and retentate (> 5 KDa) fractions were lyophilized. Hydrolysates and their fractions were characterized by aminoacidic profile, hydrophilicity profile by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), molecular weight (MW) profile by size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) and SDS-PAGE Tricine). Fractions were evaluated by iron-binding ability using FeCl2 (40:1 protein:Fe ratio) at pH 7.0 and 25±2 °C for 1h under stirring, followed by centrifugation. For evaluation of free and/or weakly bound iron, the pH of the supernatant from the chelation reaction was adjusted to 3.5 and soluble Fe2+ was determined. The hydrolysate with higher iron-binding ability was selected (fractions PH > 5 kDa and PH < 5 kDa) for further proceeds. To evaluate the chelate stability, these fractions were subjected to in vitro gastric digestion and further neutralization, followed by centrifugation. The peptides of selected samples were isolated by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC-Fe3+). The peptides with iron-binding affinity were sequenced by mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of hydrolysates AH, PH and FH was 16.8%, 16.4% and 9.1%, respectively. Electrophoretic profile of fractions < 5 kDa did not present any band, while fractions > 5 kDa presented peptides with lower MW. However, by SE-HPLC, it was verified peptides with apparent MW above 5 kDa for all samples, suggesting that, under the conditions studied, there was aggregates formation. In the chelation reaction, PH > 5 kDa retained 70.6% of iron in solution, while other samples ranged from 37.4% to 66.1%. PH > 5kDa showed higher content of precipitated iron in pH 3.5 (65.3%), suggesting greater peptide-iron interaction. After gastric digestion, the same sample showed initial iron solubility ranging from 57.8 and 59.0% in pH 7.0, suggesting that digestion with or without pepsin was not able to completely break the complex formed. This content was higher than that obtained in both PH < 5 kDa (40.1 to 43.0%) and the control assay with FeCl2 (9.9%). IMAC-Fe3+ isolation showed higher content of iron-binding peptides in PH > 5 kDa (70%) than in PH < 5 kDa (50%). The MS/MS sequencing showed Glu and/or Asp in all fragments, which carboxylic groups are among the main iron-binding sites. The results suggest that WPI hydrolysis with pancreatin yields peptides with high iron-binding ability. These peptides may be used for obtaining iron-peptide chelates, which, in future, may be applied in food fortification in order to increase iron bioavailability and potentially reduce its pro-oxidant effects (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 11/04948-3 - Evaluation of iron chelation potential of whey peptides obtained from different enzymatic systems |
| Grantee: | Maria Elisa Caetano Silva Abreu |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |