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| Author(s): |
Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia Química |
| Defense date: | 2006-06-06 |
| Examining board members: |
Sandra Cristina dos Santos Rocha;
Kil Jin Park;
Jose Teixeira Freire;
Nehemias Curvelo Pereira;
Virginia Aparecida Silva Moris
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| Advisor: | Sandra Cristina dos Santos Rocha |
| Abstract | |
Even though the great technological advances, the paper still carries out an important role in the culture and in the diffusion of information. Although it is produced by a renewable source, as the wood, technology allowing paper reuse is available. A selective pick up is necessary for the pulp processing from recovered fibers. The paper recycling allows a great reduction of the amount of urban solid residues, avoiding the use of natural sources as wood and water, besides decreasing a lot the energy consumption in the paper industry. The production of the cellulose pulp is the first great energy consumer in the process of paper production, followed by the paper drying process. The drying is a complex process, of great importance, not only in energy terms, but for the quality of the final product. In this context, this work had the objective to analyze the drying of cellulose pulp made from recovered fibers for the production of card type recycled paper. For this, a convective dryer was projected, in laboratorial scale, for the drying of the paper pulp. The drying curves as a function of different operating conditions were analyzed and the paper dessorption isotherms were determined by the dynamic method. An analysis of the product quality was accomplished for different conditions, as well as the process energy consumption evaluation. A comparative study between the natural drying (used in small productions) and the drying by forced convection was also effectuated. To complement the drying analysis, the shrinkage of the paper was evaluated during the drying and related to the operating conditions, physical characteristics and quality of the product. The dryer developed in this work showed to be appropriate for the drying of the recycled card type paper , presenting energy efficiency compatible with dryers used in paper industries (24,53%). It was verified that the increase of the temperature and velocity of the drying air influenced the process reducing the drying time. However, the quality of the paper is poor for severe operating conditions, leading to a less uniform final product, having a very dry surface. In the paper shrinkage study during drying, as well as in the analysis of the surface quality, similar results were gotten for the papers dried at 70 and 80°C. Significant modifications of structural properties and a low quality of the product were verified for the paper dried at 90°C, indicating a limit to the air temperature for the convective drying of the analyzed recycled papeI. The paper dried at 90°C suffered 15% of surface shrinkage and also 40% of linear and volume reduction during the falling rate drying phase. The paper dried under softer operating conditions (66°C; O,22m/s) presented characteristics similar to the paper naturally dried. Thus, a type card recycled paper can be producted with adequate quality using the convective drier, reducing significantly the necessary time for the drying af the paper sheet (AU) | |