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| Author(s): |
Mônica Kanashiro Oyafuso
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2008-07-16 |
| Examining board members: |
Marcia Mery Kogika;
Archivaldo Reche Junior;
Ricardo Duarte Silva
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| Advisor: | Marcia Mery Kogika |
| Abstract | |
Urolithiasis is a relatively common urinary tract disorder of dogs and cats. Whenever urine becomes oversaturate with cristallogenic substances, uroliths may be formed from crystalline material and protein matrix. Uroliths may be composed from only one kind or from different types of minerals, which can be deposited in layers or aggregate forming a stone. They can be classified according to their mineral type and distribution in: simple (only one layer and more than 70% of a single mineral), mixed (one identifiable layer, without predominance of a mineral type) or coumpound (more than one layer of different mineral types). Currently, there are two methods of urolith analyses: quantitative and qualitative analysis. However, only quantitative analysis allows determination of the mineral composition with accuracy, and it is a more sensitive and specific test. One hundred and sixty one canine uroliths were obtained from the Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny of University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) and were submitted to Minnesota Uroliths Center for quantitative analysis from February 1999 to January 2007. All uroliths were analyzed using polarizing light microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. One hundred and six (30,2%) were simple uroliths, 3 (1,9%) mixed, and 47 (67,9%) were compound. Despite the predominance of compound uroliths, individual urolithevaluation revealed that 64 of 106 compound uroliths had a predominant mineral type (>70%) in all layers: 26 were struvite, 35 calcium oxalate (mono or dihydrate) and 3 were urate (sodium acid urate and ammonium acid urate). These uroliths, despite being classified as compound uroliths, could be assumed as simple uroliths. However, 30 compound uroliths had dissoluble inner layers, but the outer layer would prevent them from being dissovable. Three samples had the opposite (outer layer could be dissoluted, but inner layer could not) and 2 other samples had required two different protocols for medical dissolution. Knowledge the composition of all layers (nidus, stone, shell and surface crystals) is essential to understand the urolith etiology and a key factor to successful therapy and prevent recurrence. (AU) | |