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| Author(s): |
Eliane Bassetto
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2006-06-23 |
| Examining board members: |
Lilian Amorim;
Anita de Souza Dias Gutierrez;
Angelo Pedro Jacomino;
Louise Larissa May de Mio;
Eliane Aparecida Benato Rodrigues da Silva
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| Advisor: | Lilian Amorim |
| Abstract | |
The purpose of this work was to identify and quantify the postharvest damages, as well as their origin, throughout the production chain of "Aurora 1" peaches during the 2003, 2004 and 2005 seasons and to evaluate the effects of different sanitizing agents (acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine salts (Sumaveg®), peracetic acid in a mixture of hydrogen peroxide with glacial acetic acid (Tsunami®) and chlorine dioxide (Tecsaclor®) and of possible resistance inductors, such as salicylic acid, chitosan, citric biomass (Ecolife40®) and UVC irradiation on the curative and/or preventive control of M. fructicola and R. stolonifer in peaches. In order to quantify the postharvest damages, weekly evaluations were carried out in a commercial crop at Holambra II Cooperative in Paranapanema - SP. Four postharvest stages were evaluated: (i) after harvest, (ii) after fruits being placed in a container, (iii) after fruit classification in the packinghouse, and (iv) before loading peaches in the truck. Moreover, a careful harvest, with fruit pickers wearing gloves to avoid injuries when removing fruits from plants, was conducted every year the study was carried out. This stage was named "ideal harvest". The incidence of physiological disorders was relatively low during all years evaluated, ranging from 1 to 4%. A high incidence of mechanical injuries (26%) was observed in the 2003 season. The highest incidence of mechanical injuries was verified for the stage known as "classification". However, improved fruit handling during the postharvest stages in subsequent years resulted in a lower incidence of mechanical injuries (9% in 2004 and 3% in 2005). The main diseases found during this study were brown rot and soft rot. There was a positive correlation between mechanical injuries and incidence of fruit diseases. The occurrence of M. fructicola, responsible for the high incidence of diseased fruit during the 2004 and 2005 seasons, was mainly observed in the peachs shoulder region. This may be due to quiescent infections showing no correlations with mechanical injuries. The sanitizing agents, the chitosan, citric biomass (Ecolife40®), UVC irradiation and salicylic acid were not effective in the curative and/or preventive control of brown rot (M. fructicola) and soft rot (R. stolonifer) in peaches. The UVC irradiation of fruits for 10 min. showed positive effects on the curative control of R. stolonifer. The soluble solids, titrable acidity and the firmness were not affected by the treatments. (AU) | |