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| Author(s): |
Adilson Nunes da Silva
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2011-01-19 |
| Examining board members: |
Klaus Reichardt;
Lilia Sichmann Heiffig Del Aguila;
Pedro Jacob Christoffoleti
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| Advisor: | Klaus Reichardt |
| Abstract | |
The Jatropha is an oilseed crop that has great potential to become a cash crop and can be used to produce biodiesel, but lacks information on cultivation practices, such as its nutrition, irrigation and herbicide use. This study was conducted through three experiments with the following objectives: a) evaluate the physiological performance and productivity of jatropha plants in response to different levels of NPK and different irrigation water depths in the soil, and b) to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides by this crop and the behavior of plants in pre- and post-emergence. All experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, using a randomized complete block design. In the experiment we evaluated fertilizer and water levels in twelve treatments with four replications and four levels of NPK and three levels of irrigation. We evaluated: emergency speed index (ESI), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves per plant (NL), presence of flowers and fruits (PFL and PFR), dry matter of shoot and root (DMS and DMR), leaf area (LA), number of branches per plant (NB). Crop yield was higher when soil water content approached field capacity, and plant development was reduced in its initial phase with increasing doses of fertilizer due to soil salinity. In the experiments aiming to assess the herbicides, tests in postemergence (flumioxazin, bentazon, lactofen and trifloxusulfuron-soudium) were made with five replicates, and in pre-emergence (flumioxazin, clomazone, metribuzin, sulfentrazone and s-metolachlor) eight replications. Measurements were made in percent of the control, of the height and diameter of the plant, leaf number and SPAD index (Soil Plant Analysis Development) at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA) for the experiment in post-emergence, and 15, 30 and 60 DAA for the experiment in preemergence; residual dry matter at 28 and 60 DAA for the experiments in post and preemergence, respectively, height and diameter of plant, leaf number and SPAD index. Plants treated with the herbicides flumioxazin and s-metolachlor had a similar behavior to the control, so that we can consider that these herbicides were more selective for the cultivation of jatropha in the study of pre-emergence. In post-emergence the herbicide bentazon was the most selective, mainly in relation to the variables leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoots, that were equal to the control. For herbicides that caused minor damage to plants, more studies are needed on doses, so that they can be recommended or not for the crop in the field, and in post-emergence, there was a greater recovery from the injuries caused in the plants by the herbicides as compared to pre-emergence application. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 09/06796-6 - Response of the Jatropha curcas l. plant to NPK fertilization and soil water levels in relation to biomass production |
| Grantee: | Adilson Nunes da Silva |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |