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| Author(s): |
Nelson Arno Wulff
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2002-11-29 |
| Examining board members: |
Sergio Florentino Pascholati;
Eleonora Cano Carmona;
Helaine Carrer;
Antonio Vargas de Oliveira Figueira;
Marcio Rodrigues Lambais
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| Advisor: | Sergio Florentino Pascholati |
| Abstract | |
Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis, also known as "amarelinho". The recent sequencing of its genome, achieved in 2000, was the first of a plant pathogen, a fact that stimulated the search for putative pathogenicity factors employed by this bacterium while infecting citrus trees. X. fastidiosa inhabits exclusively the xylem vessels, being transmitted by sharpshooter vectors. Several authors argue that the bacterium produces enzymes to degrade plant cell, as a way to colonize new xylem vessels through pit membrane degradation. The identification of putative cellulases, xylanases, pectinases and proteases on X. fastidiosa genome, led us to carry out the present work to characterize the putative products of the endoglucanase genes Xf - 810, Xf - 818 and Xf - 2708. These genes were cloned into expression vectors and the proteins were produced in Escherichia coli. Based upon enzymatic assays, those proteins were characterized as endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.4), which are cellulases able to promote the endo-hydrolysis of cellulose chains. These cellulases degraded carboxymethylcellulose, Avicel and xylan, while only Xf - 810 and Xf - 818 degraded acid swollen cellulose. The hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose was higher at acidic pH between 5.2 and 5.6) and at a temperature of 65 °C. As a group, these enzymes were able to degrade soluble and insoluble cellulose derivatives, while only the cellulase Xf - 818 could hydrolyze the cello-oligosaccharides cellotetrose and cellopentose, thus showing a high catalytic diversity. This protein also has the capacity to bind microcristalline cellulose, confirming the presence of a functional cellulose-binding domain. We set a protocol, employing anion exchange, metal affinity and gel filtration chromatography, to purify the Xf - 818 enzyme expressed in E. coli as a N-hexahistine fusion tag. The endoglucanase activity studied gives support for an eventual role of such cellulases during host colonization by the bacterium. Besides that, it agrees with similarities searches observed on the sequencing of X. fastidiosa genome. (AU) | |