Full text
| |
| Author(s): |
Daniele Rebouças Santana Loures
Total Authors: 1
|
| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2004-04-29 |
| Examining board members: |
Luiz Gustavo Nussio;
Fabio Prudencio de Campos;
Wilson Roberto Soares Mattos;
Irineu Umberto Packer;
Ricardo Andrade Reis
|
| Advisor: | Luiz Gustavo Nussio |
| Abstract | |
The present trial aimed to evaluate the effect of fibrolytic enzymes on forage cell wall degradation, when applied either during the ensiling process or just before the animal feeding. The experiment I analyzed the effects of wilting (wet vs wilted), particle size reduction (small vs large) and the addition of fibrolytic enzymes (alone vs combined with Lactobacillus plantarum) on the fermentation and ensiling losses of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq. cv. Tanzania). Forage was harvested and cut at 45-day vegetative re-growth period and stored in experimental plastic silos (50 L) during 136 days. During the storage period, the effluent flow was collected and measured at days 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 60, 90 and 136. Total silage losses were not affected by particle size reduction, even though the smallest particle size promoted better aerobic stability of the silage. The rate of silage DM recovery, effluent and gases losses were 72, 5 e 23 % for wet and 80, 0 e 21% for wilted silages, respectively. The addition of fibrolytic enzymes exclusively or combined with Lactobacillus plantarum led to decreased concentrations of NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose mainly on wilted silages, however, no benefit was observed in the in vitro DM digestibility. Mean values for BOD (11.289 mg L -1), COD (36.279 mg L -1), and the ratio COD/BOD (3.35) were observed on the effluent of wet silages, which increased the potential of environmental pollution with the longer silage storage period. The experiment II aimed to study the effects of forage wilting or fibrolytic enzymes addition to the Tanzania grass silages. Treatments consisted of: A - wilted forage without enzymes; B - fresh forage without enzymes; C - wilted forage with enzymes at ensiling (2 L t-1 wet forage); D - fresh forage with enzymes at ensiling; E - enzymes applied onto silage (10 L t-1 wet silage) 30 minutes before feeding (direct-fed). Five ruminally cannulated Nellore beef steers were randomly assigned to a 5 x 5 Latin square design. The ruminal passage rate of solid (2.23 % hour -1) and liquid (4.83 % hour -1) phases were similar for all treatments. The animal ingestive behavior measured as total time (minutes day-1) and rate (minutes DM kg-1) was not changed across silages DM concentration, averaging DM eating (247; 24), DM ruminating (426; 43) and DM chewing (673; 67), respectively. The molar concentration (109.62 mM) of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia-N (5.6 mg dL-1) observed in ruminal fluid were similar across silages diets. According to the results it may be concluded that wilting Tanzania grass or the application of fibrolytic enzymes did not improve significantly either the animal ingestive behavior, ruminal parameters or the nutrient digestibilty. (AU) | |