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| Author(s): |
Aliedson Sampaio Ferreira
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2011-02-02 |
| Examining board members: |
Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira;
Gustavo José Braga;
Judson Ferreira Valentim
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| Advisor: | Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira |
| Abstract | |
Tropical pasture production requires not only high levels of forage accumulation, but also that harvest efficiency be maximized. Optimizing this process requires an integrated knowledge with regard to information about the production steps, where sward height, used as a management tool, is intimately related with morphogenetic and structural responses, plant-part composition, and forage yield, and can be a useful grazing management guide. The objective of this research was to describe and explain the effect of sward height on the dynamics of forage accumulation and grazing efficiency in Basilisk signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk) under continuous stocking. The trial was carried out in Brotas, SP, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications and treatments were four sward heights, 10, 17.5, and 25 cm. Experimental units (144 m2) were kept at constant heights using the mob grazing technique. During the experimental year and within four seasons, responses studied included herbage accumulation, herbage mass, plant-part composition, sward structure, tiller population density, and morphogenesis. The highest annual yield was 16660 kg DM ha-1, from the 25-cm swards. Herbage yield at 10 cm height was 15% higher than at 17.5 cm in the summer. Herbage mass was associated with sward height, and was 46% higher at 25 cm compared with the 10-cm sward. Leaf blade proportion in the forage mass was 44% on average at 10 cm and 40% in summer forage mass. Stem proportion increased with increased height, and reached 42% of total forage mass in the 25-cm swards. Percent dead material was the same across treatments for the year average, but its proportion was higher in the 17.5- and 25-cm swards in the summer and autumn. Leaf area index was higher at 25 cm, in the summer, autumn, and winter, with mean sward light interception of 97%. At 10 cm, leaf appearance rate was higher than in the 25-cm swards. Leaf life span was higher in autumn. At 25 cm, leaf life span was 54 days whereas in the 10-cm swards it was 46 days. Grazing efficiency was not affected by sward height, averaging 64%. Height affected basal tiller and reproductive tiller population densities, but not total tiller population density, varying across seasons (40% more in the summer than in autumn). Productive, structural, and morphogenitic variables responded to sward height, and this suggests that height has potential use as a management tool for signalgrass under continuous stocking. (AU) | |