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| Author(s): |
João Luiz Pratti Daniel
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2011-10-04 |
| Examining board members: |
Luiz Gustavo Nussio;
Thiago Fernandes Bernardes;
Wilson Roberto Soares Mattos;
Flavio Augusto Portela Santos;
Patrick Schmidt
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| Advisor: | Luiz Gustavo Nussio |
| Abstract | |
Silages are abundant sources of volatile organic compounds. At drying of samples by using forced ventilated oven, most of those compounds disappear. There is no agreement on the contribution of these fermentation end-products on energy content of silage and its effects on animal performance. The objective of this work was to rescale the contribution of the volatile fraction to the nutritional value of silages. In the first trial, the effects of ethanol and lactic acid on dry matter intake and digestion were studied in cannulated steers fed corn silage based diets. The highest concentration of rumen ammonia was the only change reported for the ethanol treatment. Diet enrichment with lactic acid increased the rumen pH and decreased acetate/propionate ratio. When the dry matter content was determined by oven, the TDN value averaged 1.5 to 1.6 units lower than those obtained by toluene distillation. In the second trial, the effects of the volatile fraction from sugarcane silage and forage proportion were determined. About 21% of dry matter of sugarcane silage consisted of volatile compounds. The fate of these compounds did not alter the DM intake but increased the fractional absorption rate of valerate and ethanol within empty reticulorumen. The lower content of forage changed most of variables traditionally associated with high concentrate diets. The contribution of volatile fraction represented 10% of the energy value of sugarcane silage determined by digestibility. The third trial was designed to determine the effects of ethanol on the rumen degradation kinetics in vitro. The addition of 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20% of ethanol (DM bases) linearly decreased the sugarcane degradation. In the fourth experiment, we evaluated the effects of ethanol and acetic acid on performance of high producing dairy cows. Cows supplemented with ethanol yielded more milk per day than that fed acetic acid and control diets, due to the higher DM intake. The NEl milk/ DMI (Mcal/kg) was similar across treatments. The chemical composition and sensory quality of milk were not altered by the compounds. Volatile compounds represented a range from a 11 a 21% of the DM from the studied silge sources and they might be responsable for additional 10% on the nutritional value based on animal performance. (AU) | |