Feed efficiency and its relationships with profitability, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nellore steers

Author(s)

Andréa Roberto Duarte Lopes Souza

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Piracicaba.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC)
• Defense date: 2012-02-17

Examining board members

Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna; Jose Bento Sterman Ferraz; Sérgio Raposo de Medeiros; Gerson Barreto Mourão; Antonio do Nascimento Rosa

• Advisor: Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna

Abstract

Although Brazil has the largest commercial beef cattle herd of the world, research on genetic improvement of beef cattle for feed efficiency is incipient. Some countries have invested in studies to identify feed efficient animals and to find molecular markers associated with this characteristic. Genetic selection of efficient animals can resulting lower costs, reduced environmental impact and increased profitability. Obviously identifying the most efficient animals is a challenge in a herd of 205 million head as measurement of feed intake is expensive. Associations between feed efficiency and performance of beef cattle are known, but possible impacts of selection for efficiency on body composition and meat quality of Nellore are still unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate relationships of feed efficiency with corporal composition, carcass characteristics and meat quality in Nellore steers finished in the feedlot. To evaluate carcass characteristics and meat quality, 322 steers were fed over a two year period. Of this total, 159 were housed in individual pens and 92 were evaluated for feed consumption. Feed efficiency, residual feed intake (RFI) partial efficiency of growth, relative growth rate and Kleiber´s index were calculated. Variables evaluated were: dressing, yield carcass linear measurements, loin eye area, fat thickness and weights of heart, liver, kidneys and internal fat. Longissimus dorsi pH, shear force, color of meat and fat, cooking losses, holding water capacity and ether extract were collected. The linear regression coefficients between these variables and RFI were calculated. Efficient and inefficient animals were separated as those that had 1 unit difference in RFI. The efficient animals intake were 12% lower than the inefficient animals (P<0.05). The variation of RFI by 1 kg DM/day improved feed conversion efficiency by 7%. There was a positive relationship between RFI and subcutaneous fat thickness (P<0.05) as well as with fat thickness deposition (P<0.05). Carcass characteristics, heart and liver weight, internal fat and meat quality parameters were not related to RFI (P>0.05). Consistent with the reduction in subcutaneous fat deposition there was a decrease in the fat content (P=0.08), indicating a positive relationship between RFI and fat deposition. The retained energy, estimated by the difference in body composition, was reduced by 0.4 Mcal/day in inefficient vs efficient animals. This means that the change in estimated body composition was able to explain 36% of the difference in feed intake between RFI efficient and RFI inefficient animals. Individual profit was calculated and it was positively associated to RFI (P<0.05). However, profit had much greater association with feed conversion efficiency (r=0.75) as well as with weight gain (r=0.53). The association of RFI with profitability was low (0.23) and about as good as the measurement of loin eye area (r=0.20). In this work RFI was associated with leaner composition of weight gain and was not well correlated with profitability in the feedlot. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 09/02328-8 - Residual Feed Intake as feed efficiency index and meat quality of Nellore Steers
• Grantee: Andréa Roberto Duarte Lopes Souza
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate