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| Author(s): |
Gabriel Barth
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2009-07-17 |
| Examining board members: |
Godofredo Cesar Vitti;
Heitor Cantarella;
Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso;
Carlos Alberto Silva;
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin
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| Advisor: | Godofredo Cesar Vitti |
| Abstract | |
Nitrogen is the most world widely applied plant nutrient in agriculture because promote high yield and quality increases but, during youre using in agriculture losses by volatilization and leaching can occur. By using urease and nitrification inhibitors the nitrogen fertilizers efficiency can be increase. The objectives of this study was: a) study rates and sources of nitrogen fertilizers on sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production harvested without burning and evaluate the response of this crop to over trash applied N; b) evaluate the efficieny of using DCD in different texture soils, with or without sugarceane trash, in a icubation experiment with amonium sulphate; c) evaluate the efficiency of DCD and DMPP in Brazilian and German soils in a incubation experiment and d) evaluate the efficiency of DCD and NBPT on ammonia volatilization and nitrification process of urea. Sugarcane yields increase with 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 de N rates, but not with different N sources. With using NBPT ammonia volatilization was about 60% less, but also didnt increase sugarcane yield. Ammonium oxidation process in incubation study was inhibited with DCD use and, this inhibition was high in the soil with less clay. With reduction in nitrification process acidification of soil was lower. It was less nitrification microorganisms in soil with using DCD. With nitrification inhibitors (DCD and DMPP) the nitrification processa was delayed in all soils (german and brazilians), especially in sandy soil. DCD was more efficient in the next 10 days because have more mobility in soil wile DMPP was more efficient in the end of nitrification process because is more persistent in soil by his slow degradation process. The use of NBPT with urea is efficient to reduce ammonia volatilization wile urea treated with DCD these N loss is increased. When urea is treated with DCD and NBPT together the ammonia volatilization less is more than NBPT alone, but less of total ammonia volatilization of urea alone. DCD alone is efficient in inhibit nitrificatio (AU) | |