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| Author(s): |
Karina Aparecida de Abreu Tonani
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2008-01-29 |
| Examining board members: |
Susana Segura Muñoz;
Palmira Cupo;
Angela Maria Magosso Takayanagui
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| Advisor: | Susana Segura Muñoz |
| Abstract | |
In developing countries there are densely populated urban areas with fragile public sanitation systems where urban effluents without treatment are responsible for several waterborne diseases. Effluents do not only carry a microbiological load (bacteria, virus, eggs/larvae of helminthes and protozoa), but their constituent elements can contain various kinds of chemical pollutants that affect human health, among them heavy metals. This study aimed to evaluate heavy metals levels and identify and quantify parasites and coliforms in urban wastewater before and after treatments by means of the activated sludge system at the Sewage Treatment Station of Ribeirão Preto (STS-RP). The STS-RP receives and treats almost 57% of total sewage generated in Ribeirão Preto city, since November 2002. This study was developed in the Environmental Health Laboratory at the College of Nursing/USP, with the Metals Sector at the Pediatrics Laboratory of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School University Hospital/USP. The samples were collected October 2006 until October, 2007. Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn were analyzed in untreated and treated effluents, user Spectrophotometer Techniques, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer/GF-AAS and Acetylene Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer/AF-AAS. Parasitological analysis was performed using Sedgwick-rafter Chamber, was used the Colilert Technique and for bacteriological analysis. The data showed that heavy metals levels in treated effluents remain within the levels established by national resolutions (Res. CONAMA nº357/2005 and Decreto Estadual nº8468/1976). The process promotes the partial removal of parasites considered as possible incators in WHO guidelires. A removal observed in total and fecal coliforms levels, in conformiry with Decreto Estadual nº 8468/76 (SP), issued on September 8th 1976, and with Conama, Resolution nº 357/2005, issued on March 17th 2005. This study represent the first characterization of parasites and bacteria in effluent collected at STS-RP and an initial evaluation of the chemical and microbiological removal capacity of the biological treatment system, aiming to gencrate information for the authorities responsible for environmental management at municipal, regional, national and international level, wthin a public health. (AU) | |