Electrophysiological and psychophysical study of mercury vapor intoxicated subjects

Author(s)

Mirella Telles Salgueiro Barboni

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Psicologia (IP/SBD)
• Defense date: 2008-02-26

Examining board members

Dora Selma Fix Ventura; Augusto Paranhos Júnior; Luiz Carlos de Lima Silveira

• Advisor: Dora Selma Fix Ventura

Abstract

Purpose. To analyse visual field sensitivity in a group of workers retired from thefluorescent lamp industry diagnosed with chronic occupational metallic mercurialism using psychophysical tests such as automated perimetry and measuring the retina cells\' electrical responses with the multifocal electroretinogram. Methods. The psychophysical evaluation of the visual field was performed in 35 retired workers (mean age = 44.2 ± 5.9 years; 30 males) using Humphrey Field Analyzer II (model 750i) device in two different tests: SAP (standard automated perimetry) and SWAP (short wavelength automated perimetry). The Visual Evoked Response Imaging System (VERISTM Science 5.0) provided us the electrophysiological recordings and analysis of the retina based on measurement data from the multifocal electroretinogram in 32 retired workers (mean age = 44.6 ± 5.5 years; 27 males) that were included in the 35 automated perimetry test subjects. The results were compared with an age-matched control group using the visual field tests (n = 34; mean age = 43.3 ± 8.3 years; 21 males) and to another age-matched control group at the multifocal electroretinogram (n = 21; mean age = 43.5 ± 8.9 years; 10 males). Results. The automated perimetry tests have shown visual sensitivity reductions in the central areas around 27° of eccentricity. In the SAP test sensitivity decrease was found even in the foveal region. The SWAP test results are in agreement with the reduction found around 27° in the SAP test at mid-peripheral areas. The multifocal electroretinogram has shown decreases in amplitude in the retina recordings in the central areas around 25° of eccentricity, but there were no implicit time reductions. The mid-peripheral areas have shown significant reductions in the amplitude values in the first negative component (N1) and in the first positive component (P1) as well. Discussion. The visual sensitivity reductions in the different visual field areas confirm the visual damages in patients with long-term mercury vapor exposure. In this case the affected visual pathway sections could not be determined since the applied psychophysical method does not allow us to indicate the specific visual structure principally damaged by the mercury vapor. The damages found in the retina due to mercury vapor intoxication can be considered broadly dispersed, since the reductions in N1 and P1 amplitudes might be the indications of damages in multiple retina cell groups. Our results show that some visual field losses are related to various retinal alterations caused by the mercury vapor. The results are in agreement with preliminary works that showed visual dysfunctions after several years away from the mercury vapor source suggesting that mercury vapor intoxication may not be completely reversible. Conclusion. The long-term (10 years in average) mercury vapor exposed workers have shown visual sensitivity reductions in different visual field areas after 7 years (in average) away from the mercury vapor source. In our present study we would like to indicate that visual field reductions cannot only be related to damages in the various sections of the visual pathway, but some of these visual field losses can occur due to retinal alterations caused by cronic mercury vapor exposure. (AU)