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| Author(s): |
Ana Laura de Araujo Moura
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Psicologia (IP/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2010-12-08 |
| Examining board members: |
Dora Selma Fix Ventura;
Dagoberto Callegaro;
Russell David Hamer;
André Márcio Vieira Messias;
Augusto Paranhos Júnior
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| Advisor: | Dora Selma Fix Ventura |
| Abstract | |
Purpose: To assess the integrity of the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) pathways by measuring contrast perception and to evaluate the visual field and multifocal ERG responses in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: 29 patients (20F, 9M, mean age = 35.76 } 10.91 years) diagnosed with multiple sclerosis were evaluated (15 with optic neuritis). All patients had visual acuity between 0 and 0.1 logMAR. The contrast perception was assessed by the measurement of contrast sensitivity function (program PSYCHO, Cambridge Research System) using spatial frequencies 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.9, 5.3, 9.7 and 19.4 cycles per degree and the pedestal test (Pokorny & Smith, 1997). The visual field was measured using the central 24-2 SITA algorithm of the Humphrey Field Analyzer. The mfERG was recorded using the Veris system with 103 hexagons in which N1 and P1 amplitude and latency values of six predetermined areas according to the map suggested by Garway-Heath et al (2000) were used (first and second order kernels). Patients were divided into two groups: NO (with optic neuritis) and SNO (without optic neuritis). Results: The NO group did not differ from the SNO in any of the tests except for the second order kernel amplitudes in the mfERG (Tukey HSD posthoc test). All patients showed a reduction in contrast perception compared to the control group. The patients results were significantly different from the control groups at all spatial frequencies tested (p <0.001, ANOVA), and for the two paradigms of the pedestal test (p <0.05, ANOVA). The first order kernel responses in the mfERG showed no significant difference for both patient groups when compared with the control group (p> 0.05, ANOVA). The second order kernel amplitudes were different between patients and controls, with statistical significance for areas 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (p <0.05, ANOVA). The visual field results showed sensitivity reductions in the patients compared to controls, which was statistically significant for all regions (p <0.05, ANOVA). Conclusions: Increased thresholds for contrast detection were found in patients with multiple sclerosis in both tests. The pattern of loss in the various spatial frequencies and in both test paradigms of the Pedestal suggests a non-selective impairment of the visual pathways affecting both the parvo and magnocellular pathways. Changes in multifocal ERG responses found only in the second order kernel may be related to retrograde damage of the nerve fiber layer of the retina caused by demyelization. No significant correlation with the visual field losses was found (AU) | |