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| Author(s): |
Éder José Guidelli
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2011-07-28 |
| Examining board members: |
Oswaldo Baffa Filho;
Noelio Oliveira Dantas;
Elisabeth Mateus Yoshimura
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| Advisor: | Oswaldo Baffa Filho |
| Abstract | |
The interaction of ionizing radiation with alanine molecules produces free radicals. The room temperature stable alanine radical is molecule depleted of the amine group. The Alanine/ESR dosimetry technique is able to measure the amount of free radicals produced by the radiation. For dosimetric purposes, the amplitude of the central ESR spectral line is direct related to the absorbed dose by the alanine molecules. Nowadays, the alanine/ESR technique is largely used for dosimetry of high doses such as used in food irradiation, sterilization of medical products and radiotherapy. The growing need for cancer treatments using radiosurgery and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) makes important the dosimetry of small radiation fields. To this end, it is necessary to use small radiation detectors in order to obtain enough special resolution. Once the sensitivity of alanine dosimeters depends on the amount of free radical produced by the radiation, reducing the size of alanine detector also reduces its sensitivity. Thus there is an intense investigation to develop high sensitivity of Alanine/ESR dosimeters. In this work the mechanisms involved in the formation of nanostructures and the ability of alanine to stabilize and accommodate nanoparticles of silver and gold in its crystalline matrix, for applications of the nanocomposite as radiation detectors was investigated using the electron spin resonance technique. The effect of particle size, its interaction with alanine molecules, aggregation and segregation of particles inside the alanine matrix as well as the way the morphology and the state of agglomeration change the dosimetric sensitivity of the alanine detectors were investigated. The increase of sensitivity of the alanine detectors was direct related to the amount of photoelectric events in the nanocomposite. However, the self-absorption of the electrons ejected by one particle, by another nanoparticle in the vicinity, also dictates the sensitivity of the detectors. In this sense, homogeneous systems presented less self-absorption and, consequently, the increase in sensitivity was higher. For systems containing aggregated and segregated particles, self-absorption becomes more relevant. For incident photons with energies near de K-edge of the metal of the nanocomposite, the number of photoelectric events was more relevant than the organization of the particles inside the alanine crystals. For higher energies the probability of a photoelectric interaction decreases, therefore the aggregation and segregation of particles become essential in determining the sensitivity of the dosimeters. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 09/12331-6 - Study of the effects of ionizing radiation on materials containing nanoparticles as a dopant for radiation dosimetry applications |
| Grantee: | Éder José Guidelli |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |