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| Author(s): |
Daniela Favarão Botelho
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Carlos. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Física de São Carlos (IFSC/BT) |
| Defense date: | 2003-03-20 |
| Examining board members: |
Jose Fernando Fontanari;
Domingos Alves;
Americo Tristao Bernardes
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| Advisor: | Jose Fernando Fontanari |
| Abstract | |
Together with the mutation process, the intragenic recombination, viewed as the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between genomes, is one of the main factors responsible for genetic diversity. Indeed, the mechanisms of recombination existing in nature (e.g., sex) are frequently cited as inventions of the evolution process via natural selection to avoid the cumulative effect of deleterious mutations, responsible for the gradual but continuous decline in mean fitness of finite asexual populations, in a process known as Muller\'s ratchet. In this dissertation, we investigate, through numerical simulations, how the recombination mechanisms affect the rate of Muller\'s ratchet in situations in which the effect of mutations is multiplicative, that is, the deleterious effect of a new mutation in an individual does not depend on the mutations it already carries. We work with haploid individuals of L genes which reproduce sexually and are under the effect of selection and recombination. We analytically investigate the limit case of infinite population and L = 2 genes, where the ratchet does not operate. For the specific case in which L = 1 where, by construction, recombination doesn\'t occur, we derive the analytical solution of the evolution dynamics for any time. In general, we verify that the ratchet \'s rate is retarded by the increase in the recombination rate. In some of the cases we studied, this rate tends to be null, indicating that sex may provide means to avoid extinction of populations subjected to the action of deleterious mutations. Our numerical results also show, as expected, that the ratchet\'s rate tends to slow down according to the increase in population size. (AU) | |