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Analysis of gene expression, biofilm formation and adhesion/invasion to Caco-2 cell by Listeria monocytogenes in different conditions found in the gastrointestinal tract, in food and in the presence of bacteriocins

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Author(s):
Lizziane Kretli Winkelstroter
Total Authors: 1
Document type: Doctoral Thesis
Press: Ribeirão Preto.
Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
Defense date:
Examining board members:
Elaine Cristina Pereira De Martinis; Mariza Landgraf; Marcia Nitschke; Evandro Watanabe
Advisor: Elaine Cristina Pereira De Martinis
Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium transmitted mainly by foods and can cause serious infections in immunocompromised individuals and in pregnant woman due to their ability to survive intracellularly. The biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes is a concern for the food industry because microorganism in biofilms may survive after treatment with sanitizers and increases the risk of food contamination. In addition, some studies indicate that the ability of biofilm formation can be correlated with virulence potential. The control of L. monocytogenes is a challenge, especially in chilled and ready to eat foods since it has psychrotrophic nature, it is ubiquitous and can adapt quickly to different environmental conditions by modulating the expression of its genes.The effect of environmental conditions on gene expression and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes is not fully understood. In this report, L. monocytogenes isolates from diverse sources were evaluated for their ability to form biofilms, for adhesion/invasion of eukaryotic cells and also for differential expression of internalin A gene (int A), which is related to virulence potential. The presence of bacteriocins of latic acid bacteria (BAL) and incubation at 5°C were the main factors that influenced biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes, in comparison with BHI broth (control). In general, adhesion and invasion of Caco-2 cells were significantly lower in low pH (4.5), incubation at 5°C and in presence of Oxgall 0.3% (bile salts). On the other hand, two L. monocytogenes isolates (INCQS 353 and Reg 26c) showed higher invasion rates when cultivated in the presence of NaCl 5% (P<0.05). One L. monocytogenes (H-2) isolated from minimally processed leafy vegetables showed the strongest ability to form biofilm and to invade Caco-2 cells, under selected conditions, suggesting there may be a relationship between biofilm formation and virulence potential. For the vast majority of isolates, expression of int A gene were down regulated by the presence of bacteriocins, Oxgall 0.3%, pH4.5 and incubation at 5°C. Nonetheless, for one L. monocytogenes isolate (HU 471) expression of int A gene was eight times higher in presence of sucrose, indicating that food components can increase the infectiveness of L. monocytogenes. (AU)