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| Author(s): |
João Paulo Barreto de Sousa
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2007-02-27 |
| Examining board members: |
Jairo Kenupp Bastos;
Ademilson Espencer Egea Soares;
Augusto Cesar Cropanese Spadaro
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| Advisor: | Jairo Kenupp Bastos |
| Abstract | |
Baccharis dracunculifolia is well known for its interaction with insects, mainly Apis mellifera L., for bearing a wide range of secondary metabolites, as well as for displaying many biological activities. Its leaves are punctuated with secretory thricomes rich in secondary metabolites and secretory ducts, which produce and store essential oils. B. dracunculifolia secondary metabolites are used by Apis mellifera to produce ?green? propolis, which is of great importance for pharmaceutical industry, since it displays anticancer, antibacterial, antiinflammatory and antiulcer, among other activities. Considering the displayed biological activities by B. dracunculifolia and the need to standardize the green propolis raw material, the aims of the present work were: a) to develop a gas chromatography analytical methodology to quantify the major volatile constituents in its cultivated populations; b) to develop and validate a HPLC method to quantify the major phenolic compounds present in the aerial parts of B. dracunculifolia, and in the crude green propolis. The developed chromatographic tools were used to study the seasonal influence in the biosynthesis of both volatile oils and phenolic components in 10 different cultivated populations during one year period. All the cultivated populations grew quite well, since it achieved 1 m in height in the fourth month of growth, and it produced an average of 400 g of biomass per individual. Using the developed GC methodology it was possible to analyze 480 samples, and to quantify 14 volatile components of the leaves during one year of its cultivation. The GC analysis indicated that nerolidol was the major compound present in the volatile fraction, about 50 %, which was detected during the entire experiment, and it shall be the most responsible compound for its intense fragrance with importance for cosmetic industry. On one hand, it was observed that during the flowering period the volatile oil production was lower, about 0.3 % w/w, and on the other hand, during the months of February, March and April, its production was higher, about 1 % w/w in dry leaves. Besides, it was observed that population 4 stood out, since it was morphologically different from all others and produced lower yielding of volatile components during the entire year. The HPLC developed methodology allowed to separate and quantify 10 phenolic (caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, aromadendrin-4?-methyl ether, drupanin, isosakuranetin, artepillin C, bacharin, 2,2-dimethylcarboxyethenyl-2H-1-benzopyran acid) compounds simultaneously in both B. dracunculifolia and green propolis ethanol extracts. Moreover, all the evaluated validation parameters displayed acceptable results, as established by Brazilian Governmental regulation agencies, Anvisa and Imetro, and it provide very good results for the accurate quantification of phenolic compounds of interest. The analysis indicated that caffeic acid was the major compound present in the analyzed samples, and it corresponded to 60 % of the total quantified phenolic compounds. The contents of artepelin C and bacharin varied greatly during the studied period, displaying higher contents during the last trimester of 8 e 25 %, respectively. The flavonoid aromadendrin-4?-methyl ether has not displayed a coherent pattern during the experiment, since it variable greatly. However, aromadendrin along with caffeic acid could be considered good chemical markers for the analysis of cultivated B. dracunculifolia, considering that both were found in all the samples. Overall, considering the production of both the volatile and phenolic compounds, all the cultivated populations, with exception of the population 4, could be cultivated in large scale for these purposes. (AU) | |