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| Author(s): |
Eliane de Oliveira Silva
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2010-06-08 |
| Examining board members: |
Jairo Kenupp Bastos;
Giuliano Cesar Clososki;
Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães
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| Advisor: | Jairo Kenupp Bastos |
| Abstract | |
The interest in obtaining new drugs from endophytic microorganisms is growing, since this is a source still little exploited. In addition, the study of the interactions between plants and microorganisms has been widely discussed over the past few years. In this work, the endophytic fungus Drechslera ravenelii (SS33), isolated from the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon), was grown under different conditions, targeting the determination of the best conditions to produce secondary metabolites with antimicrobial and/or cytotoxic activities. For that, two parameters were evaluated: culture medium type and incubation time. The liquid media used were Czapek and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB), swirling (120 RPM), cultivated for 216 and 480 hours, respectively. The fungus has also been culture by fermentation in solid substrate, rice-oats medium, during 720 hours. All crops were conducted in temperature of 30 °C and preceded by pre-fermentation. The obtained liquid mediums were submitted to liquid partition to furnish dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. The solid medium was submitted to extraction to furnish the fractions in n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, in sequence. |Then, the 12 fractions obtained were dried, cumbersome and identified. The antimicrobial activity of the fractions was evaluated through two techniques: bioautography and Microdiluition method (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration-MIC), and for that, the biological indicators used were Kocuria rhizophila, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The cytotoxic activity evaluation was performed by MTT test, using three tumor cell lines: MB435 (human melanoma), HCT-8 (human colon) and SF-295 (human glioblastoma). The chromatographic profiles of the fractions were evaluated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Analysis of the results allowed to conclude that the dichloromethane fraction from the solid medium gave greater yield, was easier to manager and more displayed an interesting chromatographic profile when compared to other fractions obtained from both solid and liquid media. Thus, the fungus was cultivated in a larger scale in solid medium and the dichloromethane fraction obtained was subjected to chromatographic processes aiming the isolation of the major compounds. Thus, two compounds were isolated the substance 1 (unidentified) and the substance 2, witch was identified as terpestacin, an uncommon sesterpene, which inhibits the formation of syncytia in the course of HIV infection. The terpestacin was isolated for the first time from the fungus Drechslera ravenelii in this study. The compound 2 did not presented antimicrobial activity when subjected to the microdilution test and it displayed discreet cytotoxic activity in three human cancer cell lines. (AU) | |