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| Author(s): |
Rejane Barbosa de Oliveira
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2011-04-11 |
| Examining board members: |
Fernando Batista da Costa;
Cleni Mara Marzocchi Machado;
Ana Maria Soares Pereira;
Cid Aimbiré de Moraes Santos;
Gloria Emilia Petto de Souza
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| Advisor: | Fernando Batista da Costa |
| Abstract | |
Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robinson (Asteraceae), known as yacón is a herb used in folk medicine to treat diabetes. The hypoglycaemic effect of the aqueous extract from yacón leaves was demonstrated in recent studies in diabetic animal models. Phytochemical analyzes have demonstrated that this species is rich in chorogenic acids (CGAs) and sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). Both classes of compounds have many biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and inhibit enzymes that can contribute in the improvement of the diabetic state. However, it is not yet established whether the biological activities of this species are due to the action of the CGAs or STLs. In addition, toxicological analysis of the consumption of yacón leaves has not yet been performed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate three extracts prepared from leaves of yacón, with the aim to analyze the role of different chemical classes in the development of the biological activities described for this species, as well as their potential toxic effects. The following extracts were obtained: aqueous extract (AE), were detected CGAs (2.0 and 1.3 mg / mL of the more intense peaks), and STLs (99.7 and 319 mg / mL of most intense peaks); leaf rinse extract (LRE), rich in STLs (1257.4 and 1997.7 mg / mL of major peaks), and the polar extract (PE) rich in CGAs (9.9 and 9.6 mg / mL of the more intense peaks), but without STLs. The toxicological studies in animals showed that the PE did not cause significant toxic effects, while changes in specific biochemical parameters in blood (creatinine 7.0 mg / dL, glucose 212.0 mg / dL, albumin 2.8 g / dL) of rats treated with AE (10, 50 and 100 mg / kg) and LRE (10 and 100 mg / kg) indicated kidney damage, which was confirmed by histological analysis of kidneys. All extracts showed anti-oedematogenics activity in vivo, particularly in the model of oedema induced by croton oil (AE: 25.9% of oedema inhibition at 0.5 mg / ear, PE: 42.7% of inhibition at 0.25 mg / ear, LRE: 44.1% inhibition at 0.25 mg / ear). The LRE showed the best results in the inhibition of neutrophil migration, induction of IL-10, as well as NO, TNF- and PGE2 inhibition, when compared to other extracts. All extracts inhibited in a statistically similar way the activity of -amylase, while the AE and the PE were more effective in reducing blood glucose levels after oral glucose adminstration (glycaemic control: 201.8 ± 5.2; AE: 169, 0 ± 4.9; PE: 7.3 ± 176,7,3; LRE: 219.1 ± 7.6 mg / dL). The data obtained in this work suggested that the consumption of tea from yacón leaves for prolonged periods can be toxic and their use should not be recommended in folk medicine. The STLs seem to be the substances responsible for this toxicity. Both STLs and CGAs contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity, although the STLs seem to have more pronounced effects. However, the anti-diabetic activity of the yacón leaves seems to be related to the presence of the CGAs and not to LST. More detailed studies with pure CGAs are required in order to determine their potential use in treatment of diabetes. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 07/00844-3 - Anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory activities and toxicology of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius, Asteraceae) |
| Grantee: | Rejane Barbosa de Oliveira |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |