Full text
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| Author(s): |
Ariela Veloso de Paula
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Lorena. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Engenharia de Lorena (EEL/ASDI) |
| Defense date: | 2008-05-16 |
| Examining board members: |
Júlio César dos Santos;
Sebastiao Ribeiro;
Claudinei dos Santos
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| Advisor: | Júlio César dos Santos |
| Abstract | |
The objective of this work was to select a commercial lipase for enzymatic interesterification of milkfat with soybean to obtain a product enriched with essential fatty acids. Lipases from different microbial sources (Aspergillus niger, Mucor javanicus, Rhizopus oryzae, Candida rugosa, Penicillium roqueforti, Rhizomucor miehei) were immobilized on polysiloxane- polyvinyl alcohol hybrid matrix (POS-PVA) previously characterized in relation to its physico-chemical and morphological properties. All lipase preparations in both free and immobilized forms were initially characterized, regarding their hydrolytic and esterification activities. Owing to the high complexity of the raw materials \"milkfat and soybean oi\", the lipase screening assay was carried out using a model interesterification system consisted of tripalmitin and triolein. These triglycerides were chosen as starting materials since palmitic and oleic fatty acids are present at high amount proportions in the raw materials. Thus, immobilized lipase derivatives on POS-PVA were used to catalyze the interesterification of tripalmitin with triolein in the presence of hexane as solvent. The highest interesterification (31%) was obtained using the lipase from Rhizopus oryzae (L036P) and therefore, this enzyme was selected for continuing the work. Additional tests were performed to verify the influence of the molar ratio between triolein and tripalmitin in the reaction yield. The best result was achieved for the substrate containing equimolar amounts of tripalmitin and triolein (40 mM), attaining 45% of interesterification yield at 24 h reaction. The selected immobilized system was characterized in relation to its physico-chemical and stability properties using techniques as X-ray difractometry and IR spectroscopy. High stability was found for the immobilized lipase that maintained full original activity after 120 days storage at 4?C. Finally, interesterification tests of milkfat with soybean oil were carried out, and the use of Rhizopus oryzae lipase immobilized in POS-PVA increased the concentration of the triglycerides C26- C34 and C46-C50, and decreased the concentration of the triglycerides C38, C44 and C54, which corresponded to 12% of interesterification yield. The texture analysis of both reaction medium and interesterified product showed that simple physical blend of soybean oil with milk fat reduced more than 50% the milkfat consistency. After the interesterification reaction, the obtained product showed even lower consistency (24% reduction) in comparison with the physical raw materials blend, due to the incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids from soybean oil in the triglycerides of milkfat, and to the formation of mono and diglycerides resulting from partial hydrolysis of the raw materials. Thus, the promising results obtained using Rhizopus oryzae lipase (L036P) immobilized on POS-PVA, both in the model interesterification reaction of tripalmitin with triolein and in the lipid raw materials, indicated the suitability of the selected immobilized derivative to be applied in the proposed bioprocess. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 05/03223-4 - Selection of commercial lipase preparations for interesterification of milkfat with soybean oil |
| Grantee: | Ariela Veloso de Paula |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |