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| Author(s): |
Lilia de Souza Nogueira
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola de Enfermagem (EE/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2012-08-09 |
| Examining board members: |
Regina Marcia Cardoso de Sousa;
Raquel Rapone Gaidzinski;
Katia Grillo Padilha;
Renato Sergio Poggetti;
Iveth Yamaguchi Whitaker
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| Advisor: | Regina Marcia Cardoso de Sousa |
| Abstract | |
The complexity posed by the assistance offered to trauma victims at Intensive Care Units (ICU) affects the nursing workload and, for this reason, information on the aspects impacting the workload and its planning is crucial. This study aimed to characterize trauma victims admitted to ICU, to identify a possible pattern of procedures performed in those patients, and the factors associated with high workload on the first hospitalization day, as well as to elaborate an estimate model of nursing workload required by the survivors on ICU discharge. This cohort quantitative study was prospective and carried out at an ICU specialized in assistance to trauma victims in a reference hospital for this service. The nursing workload, the dependent variable, was measured using the Nursing Activities Score (NAS). Descriptive statistics, association and correlation tests as well as multivariate analyses were performed. The sample consisted of 200 victims, mainly male (82.0%), with an average age of 40.7 years (SD=18.6), transferred from the surgery room (70.0%) and submitted to unscheduled surgery (66.5%). The Charlson comorbidity index average was 0.6 (SD=1.4). Traffic accidents (57.5%) and blunt trauma (94.5%) prevailed in the sample. As regards the analysis of trauma severity, the average of Injury Severity Score was 19.3 (SD=9.1) and 27.1 (SD=9.9) for the New Injury Severity Score (NISS). The average number of injuries according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3 was 3.1 (SD=1.8), and of the body region affected, 2.7 (SD=1.3). Head or neck had the most severe injuries (64.0%) and showed a higher frequency of injuries AIS 3 (65.5%). With respect to patient severity, the average death risk ranged from 21.1% to 25.6%, according to different indexes. Pulmonary (76.5%) and neurological (69.0%) insufficiency were predominant in the sample. The average NAS on ICU admission was 71.3% (SD=16.9), and 45.2% (SD=9.1) among survivors on the unit discharge. The mean ICU length of stay was 13.6 days (SD=14.6) and the mortality rate at the critical unit, 19.0%. A group of 136 patients submitted to similar procedures on ICU admission was identified. In this group, monitoring/titration and mobilization/positioning were regarded as the most complex activities, requiring longer than normal routine time of critical units. Gender, pulmonary insufficiency, number of body region injured and death risk by Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) were factors associated with high nursing workload on ICU admission. The estimate model of nursing workload required by survivors on ICU discharge was expressed by the following formula: NAS discharge= 37.171 + 0.188 (death risk SAPS II) + 0.193 (NISS). The results obtained from this investigation provide information to the nursing teams offering assistance to trauma victims, during or post ICU discharge, with data which contributes to better care and quantitative staff planning, as well as task distribution, aiming for excellence in trauma patient assistance. (AU) | |