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| Author(s): |
Sarah Isabel Pinto Monteiro do Nascimento Alves
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Física (IF/SBI) |
| Defense date: | 2003-11-27 |
| Examining board members: |
Antonio Martins Figueiredo Neto;
José Américo de Miranda Neto;
Hercilio Rodolfo Rechenberg;
Francisco Augusto Tourinho;
Sérgio Carlos Zilio
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| Advisor: | Antonio Martins Figueiredo Neto |
| Abstract | |
This work explores the thermodiffusion in magnetic colloids through the Z-Scan technique. The starting point is the generalization of the thermal lens model based on the assumption that the concentration gradient of the magnetic grains emerges due to the temperature gradient caused by the laser beam on the sample. By using the Z-Scan technique it was possible to study the Soret coefficient (ST) for ionic, surfacted and citrated ferrofluids in samples with low concentration of grains (Fe volumetric percentage, ø, less than 1%). In this thermal lens model generalization, we have considered that the refraction índex variation in a Z-Scan experiment depends on the laser beam intensity (I), the temperature variation (T) and the variation of the magnetic grains concentration (ø), where CN, CT and CS are their respective dimensionless parameters in the model. As characteristic time of thermodiffusion is of the order of seconds, a Z-Scan with pulses around 20 ms is used in order to determine CN. CT is obtained independently by using lenear optics methods. After the determination of CN and CT, a Z-Scan with pulses around 1 second is made in order to determine CS and, Consequently, the Soret coefficient. Through the behavior of the time dependent transmittance with 1-second pulses we were able to determine the sign of the Soret coefficient. The sign is related to the tendency of the grains to migrate to the colder region (thermophobic, ST>0) or to the warmer region (thermophilic, ST<0) of the sample, depending on its physical-chemical characteristics. We have showed that the ST module is proportional to ø, in agreement with the results for higher concentration solutions (ø1%) obtained through Forced Rayleigh Scattering. A possible physical originfor the thermophobic and thermophilic behavior of magnetic fluids could berelated to changes in the intensity of the forces that keep the colloidal balance, by means of temperature. (AU) | |