Treatment of cervical bone defects with porous osteoconductive materials in immediate implants: a histological, histometric, micro-CT and RFA study in dogs

Author(s)

Antonio Azoubel Antunes

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2013-09-13

Examining board members

Luiz Antonio Salata; Joni Augusto Cirelli; Luiz Antonio Pugliesi Alves de Lima; Emanuel Dias de Oliveira e Silva; Samuel Porfirio Xavier

• Advisor: Luiz Antonio Salata

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of porous biomaterials in bone formation and repair of cervical mandibular defects in dogs, with or without Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) technique. Bio-Oss Block® (BB), Bio-Oss Collagen® (BC), Bio-Oss® in granules (BG), autogenous bone (Ab) and coagulum (Cg) were used under the same experimental conditions. For the membrane group, BioGide® was used. Twelve dogs underwent bilateral extractions of mandibular premolars and first molars. After four months five bone defects (6 mm long / 4 mm deep) were prepared at one side. Implants of 3.3 x 10 mm were installed on each of mesial defect, providing a distal gap of 2.7 mm. The defects were randomly filled with Ab, Cg, BB, BC and BG. The same procedures were performed in the opposite side after eight weeks. A membrane was used to cover the defects in half of the sides. Animals were sacrificed after eight weeks. Implant stability was measured by Osstell Mentor®, at implant installation and sacrifice. The specimens (n=60, 3 in each group) were scanned in Skyscan® 1172 micro-CT scanner. A volume of interest of 3.0 x 6.0 x 4.0 mm was established and the parameters related to bone formation were evaluated. All used biomaterials were also scanned for in vitro porosity evaluation. Using Exakt® system, ground section of each specimen were prepared for histological and histometric assessment. Histometric analysis revealed that BC presented similar bone formation to Ab in 8 weeks without BGd. Cg showed greater bone formation between treatments at 16 weeks with BGd, and was superior to BG and BB at 8 weeks without BGd (p<0.05). BB exhibited worse bone formation within treatments (8 and 16 weeks, with or without membrane). BC had the best performance among biomaterials. All biomaterials were partially resorbed from 8 to 16 weeks. However, BB was found in greater amounts in comparison with other biomaterials (p<0.05). Regarding the alveolar crest analysis, BB had the lowest resorption between treatments with and without BGd at 8 and 16 weeks (p<0,05). The BGd use promoted higher final ISQ values at 16 weeks, regardless the tested treatment (p<0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that when BGd was not used, BG yielded the highest amount of bone within the defect, followed by BC (p<0.05). When the defect was covered with BGd, Ab yielded higher bone formation (p>0.05). Bone surface area analysis showed that increased values in sites treated with BG, followed by BC without BGd at 8 weeks, and Ab at 8 weeks with BGd (p<0.05). The BC presented greater Bone Surface Area/Bone volume at 8 (with and without BGd) and 16 weeks with BGd (p<0.05). BB had the lowest values at 16 weeks (without BGd). Cg presented the worst performance among treatments at 16 weeks (with BGd) (p<0.05). Regarding the Trabecular Thickness, Ab and BB showed the highest and lowest values, respectively (p<0.05), regardless of the time point or membrane use. In biomaterials porosity analysis, BG showed higher numbers, volume, and surface area of closed pores. BB had the highest volume of open pores, open porosity and total porosity compared with the other treatments. It can be concluded the use of a high porosity block (BB) failed to provide greater bone formation within the defect area and it was the treatment that better reduced distal alveolar crest resorption. Biomaterials with lower porosity (BC and BG) showed higher or similar bone formation and implant stability if compared to autogenous bone. The appliance of BGd improved bone formation in all treatments and tested periods and reduced soft tissue presence within the defect. An inverse relationship between biomaterials\' in vitro porosity and in vivo bone formation was observed in the experimental model used. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/09015-5 - Porous osteoconductive material use with and without the GBR technique for healing of cervical bone defects right with implants instalation: a histological, histometric, RFA and micro-tomographic study in dogs
• Grantee: Antonio Azoubel Antunes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct)