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| Author(s): |
Amanda de Moraes Narcizo
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Biociências (IBIOC/SB) |
| Defense date: | 2014-02-19 |
| Examining board members: |
Renata Guimarães Moreira Whitton;
Maria Ines Borella;
Breno Pannia Esposito;
Fabiana Laura Lo Nostro;
Matias Pandolfi
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| Advisor: | Renata Guimarães Moreira Whitton |
| Abstract | |
Aluminum (Al) is the most abundant metal in nature and has become an important water pollutant impairing reproduction of teleosts, acting as an endocrine disrupter. However, in vivo experiments cannot demonstrate that the effects of Al on the reproductive endocrine axis are due to direct action on the organs that compose it. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the direct effect of Al on ovarian follicular cells, gonadotropic and somatolactin pituitary cells of mature females of O. niloticus. For this, two in vitro exposure experiments of Al were performed: one using mature ovaries and other using pituitaries of sexually mature females. For ovarian experiments, fractions of mature ovaries were incubated for 4 hours to obtain the following groups: 1) control group (Ctr): ovarian tissue only exposed to Krebs- Ringer-HEPES-glucose; 2) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) group: tissue exposed to 6 mg/ml hCG (Ovidrel); 3) hCG + Al group: tissue exposed to 6 mg/ml hCG (Ovidrel) + aluminum chloride (AlCl3) - 10mM; 4) Al group: only exposed to 10 mM AlCl3. The concentration of the hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17αOHP) in the incubation medium was determined by ELISA. For pituitary experiments, pituitaries of sexually mature females were incubated for 24 hours to form the following groups: 1) Ctr: pituitary exposed only to L15 (internal control); 2) GnRH: only exposed to the pituitary GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone); 3) GnRH + Al: exposed to the pituitary GnRH AlCl3 + 10 mM and 4) Al: 10mM AlCl3 only exposed pituitary. After the assay period, analysis of qPCR (quantitative PCR), analysis of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were performed. The results of the experiment showed that the ovarian exposed to hCG group showed a significant increase in the release of E2 and 17αOHP compared to the other groups, confirming the effect of synthetic gonadotropin in the release of these gonadal steroids. However, the administration combined of hCG with Al (Al + hCG) did not generate this increased production of steroids compared with the control group. These data show that Al inhibited the cellular response of the ovarian steroidogenic cells to gonadotropins. The results of the experiments with pituitaries showed that Al (GnRH + Al and Al) affected the gene expression of the genes studied (βFSH, (βLH, SL) including the house keeping genes (EF1α and βAc), what has been common in ecotoxicology experiments. Data from electron microscopy showed cell disruption in the pituitary glands that were exposed to Al and immunohistochemical analyzes showed that Al (GnRH + Al and Al) did not affect the amount of granules of βLH and SL, while the Al group indicated a decrease the amount of βFSH granules, suggesting that Al affects the dynamics of the synthesis/release of this gonadotropin. These data show the toxicity of Al directly on both organs studied, at both the cellular response as for structural level confirming the potential of Al as a DE and increases the perspectives of study on the mechanism of action of Al as a DE (AU) | |