Abstract
Tracheal intubation limits the normal warming and humidifying functionsof a patient's upper airways. An inhaled gas minimum moisture target of 20 mgH2O.L-1is recommended to reduce the deleterious effects of dry gas on the airways. The Fabius GS Premium anesthesia workstation (Dräger Medical, Lübeck, Germany) has a built-in hotplate to heat gases in the breathing circuit. The use of a low …