Abstract
A total of 1.3 million people died from tuberculosis (TB) in 2022 (including 167,000 people with HIV). Worldwide, TB is the second leading infectious killer after COVID-19 (above HIV and AIDS). Rifampicin (RIF) is an essential component among the four first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (FLATDs), being the other three: isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA), and ethambutol (ETH). For antibiot…