Enhanced photocatalytic properties of core@shell SiO2@TiO2 nanoparticles

Author(s)

Ullah, Sajjad ^{[1, 2]} ; Ferreira-Neto, Elias P. ^[1] ; Pasa, Andre A. ^[3] ; Alcantara, Carlos C. J. ^[3] ; Acuna, Jose J. S. ^[4] ; Bilmes, Sara A. ^[5] ; Ricci, Maria L. Martinez ^[5] ; Landers, Richard ^[6] ; Fermino, Taina Zampieri ^[1] ; Rodrigues-Filho, Ubirajara P. ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim Sao Carlos, Grp Quim Mat Hibridos & Inorgan, BR-13564970 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Peshawar, Inst Chem Sci, Peshawar 25120, KP - Pakistan

^[3] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Fis, Lab Filmes Finos & Superficies, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC - Brazil

^[4] Univ Fed ABC, Ctr Ciencias Nat & Humanas, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[5] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, DQIAQF, Inst Quim Fis Mat Media Ambiente & Energia INQUIM, Buenos Aires, DF - Argentina

^[6] Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, IFGW, Campinas, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL; v. 179, p. 333-343, DEC 2015.
• Web of Science Citations: 64

Abstract

SiO2@TiO2 core@shell nanoparticles (CSNs) have recently attracted great attention due to their unique and tunable optical and photocatalytic properties and higher dispersion of the supported TiO2. Thus, development of facile, reproducible and effective methods for the synthesis of SiO2@TiO2 CSNs and a fundamental understanding of their improved properties, derived from combination of different core and shell materials, is of great importance. Here we report a very facile and reproducible method for the synthesis of CSNs with a control of particle morphology, crystallinity and phase selectivity, and provide important insight into the effect of core@shell configuration on the photocatalytic and optical properties of SiO2@TiO2 CSNs. For this purpose, synthesis of highly dispersed anatase nanocrystals (similar to 5 nm) of high surface area was carried out by supporting these nanocrystals on silica sub-micron spheres in the form of a porous shell of controlled thickness (10-30 nm). The amorphous TiO2 shell was crystallized into anatase using a low temperature (105 degrees C) hydrothermal treatment. The resulting CSNs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, zeta-potential measurements, BET surface area and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. Both experimental data and theoretical simulations showed that due to the size of the complete particle (SiO2@TiO2), the general optical response of the system is regulated by Rayleigh scattering, exhibiting a red-shift of the extinction spectra as shell-thickness increases. The SiO2@TiO2 configuration leads to efficient light harvesting by increasing the optical path inside the core@shell particles. An enhanced photoactivity and good recyclability of SiO2@TiO2 CSNs was demonstrated compared to unsupported TiO2. Together with BET surface area measurements, direct assessment of the density of photocatalytic sites probed by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements was used to provide insight into the enhanced photocatalytic activity of CSNs, which is also understood as a consequence of Rayleigh scattering, relative enhancement of the adsorption of organic molecules on the core@shell photocatalyst surface and increased optical path inside the SiO2@TiO2 particles. All these aspects are directly influenced by the core@shell configuration of SiO2@TiO2 samples. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/08120-0 - Nanostructured films: on the influence of the architecture on Photoactivity properties of films with phosphotungstate and nanoparticles
• Grantee: Ubirajara Pereira Rodrigues Filho
• Support type: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 13/24948-3 - CO2 fixation by SiO2@TiO2 nanoparticles decorated with Iron Ferrocyanide (Prussian Blue) and Ruthenium Ferrocyanide: toward high sustainability of biorefineries and ammonia synthesis plants
• Grantee: Elias Paiva Ferreira Neto
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate