Exercise deprivation increases negative mood in exercise-addicted subjects and modifies their biochemical markers

Author(s)

Moreira Antunes, Hanna Karen ^{[1, 2, 3]} ; Fogaca Leite, Geovana Silva ^[1] ; Lee, Kil Sun ^[4] ; Barreto, Amaury Tavares ^[1] ; Thomatieli dos Santos, Ronaldo Vagner ^{[1, 2, 3]} ; Souza, Helton de Sa ^{[1, 2]} ; Tufik, Sergio ^[2] ; de Mello, Marco Tulio ^{[1, 5, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] CEPE, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, Campus Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, Campus Baixada Santista, BR-11015020 Santos, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Bioquim, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[5] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Esportes, Fac Educ Fis Fisioterapia & Terapia Ocupac, Belo Horizonte, MG - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Physiology & Behavior; v. 156, p. 182-190, MAR 15 2016.
• Web of Science Citations: 15

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify the possible association between biochemical markers of exercise addiction and affective parameters in a sample of athletes during 2 weeks of withdrawal exercise. Eighteen male runners were distributed into a control group (n = 10) composed of runners without exercise addiction symptoms and an exercise addiction group (n = 8) composed of runners with exercise addiction symptoms. The volunteers performed a baseline evaluation that included affective questionnaires, blood samples, body composition and an aerobic test performed at ventilatory threshold I. After the baseline evaluation, the groups started an exercise withdrawal period that was sustained for 2 weeks. During exercise withdrawal, an actigraph accelerometer was used to monitor the movement index, and CK and LDH were measured in blood samples to validate the non-exercise practice. At the end of the exercise withdrawal period, a blood collection, aerobic test and mood scale was performed in the re-test. The results showed that at the end of the experimental protocol, when compared with the control group, the exercise addiction group showed an increase in depression, confusion, anger, fatigue and decreased vigor mood that improved post-exercise, along with low levels of anandamide at all time-points evaluated and a modest increase in beta-endorphin post-exercise. Moreover, the exercise addiction group showed a decrease in oxygen consumption and respiratory exchange ratio after the exercise withdrawal period, which characterized a detraining phenomenon. Our data suggest that a 2-week withdrawal exercise period resulted in an increase of negative mood in exercise addiction; additionally, exercise addiction showed low levels of anandamide. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/04984-0 - Symptoms of humor, quality of life and sleep complaints in exercise dependence deprivate subjects
• Grantee: Geovana Silva Fogaça Leite
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master
• FAPESP's process: 11/13592-8 - Mood disturbance, biochemical alterations and sleep complaints in dependence exercise deprivation
• Grantee: Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants