Evaluation of periodontitis in hospital outpatients with major depressive disorder. A focus on gingival and circulating cytokines

Author(s)

de Oliveira Solis, Ana Cristina ^{[1, 2]} ; Marques, Andrea Horvath ^{[1, 3]} ; Dominguez, Wagner Vasques ^{[4, 5]} ; de Almeida Prado, Euthymia Brandao ^{[6, 7]} ; Pannuti, Claudio Mendes ^{[2, 8]} ; Moreira Lotufo, Roberto Fraga ^{[2, 8]} ; Lotufo-Neto, Francisco ^{[1, 9]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept & Inst Psychiat, R Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, Caixa Postal 3671, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Div Periodont, Dept Stomatol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[3] Rua Dr Jose Pereira Queiroz 47, BR-02141040 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Nephrol, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[5] Av Dr Arnaldo 455, BR-01246930 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[6] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Program Res Violence PROVE, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[7] Rua Borges Lagoa 570, BR-01246930 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[8] Univ Sao Paulo, Div Periodontol, Ave Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Univ, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[9] R Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, Caixa Postal 3671, BR-01060970 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY; v. 53, p. 49-53, MAR 2016.
• Web of Science Citations: 2

Abstract

An imbalance in stimulated cytokine production is associated with the etiopathogenesis of numerous diseases such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and periodontal disease. Increased cytokine levels have been reported in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with MDD. Thirty-six outpatients with MDD participated in this study. Each outpatient was age-matched (+/- 3 years) with a healthy control (n = 36). The patients were controlled for race and smoking habits. Unstimulated and stimulated interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) production in whole blood culture (WBC) and IL-6 and IL-1 beta levels in the GCF were evaluated. Circulating levels of IL-6 and IL-1 beta (unstimulated) as well as GCF IL-1 beta were modestly lower in MDD patients, compared to the levels in age-matched controls (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.002, 0.0075, ANCOVA, p = 0.025, respectively). In the unstimulated group, there was no correlation between the levels of circulating IL-6 and GCF IL-6 (r = 0.07, p = 0.67), and between the levels of circulating IL-1 beta and the IL-1 beta level in the CGF (r = -0.08, p = 0.63). In the LPS stimulation group, there was no correlation between the levels of circulating levels of IL-6 and GCF IL-6 (r = 0.02, p= 0.91) or between the circulating IL-1 beta and GCF IL-1 beta (r = 0.13, p= 0.42). We observed modest immunosuppression in MDD patients (evaluated by no stimulation whole blood culture {[}WBC]), especially in patients with melancholic depression, chronic depression, and severe depression. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. (AU)