Gene Expression Control by Glucocorticoid Receptors during Innate Immune Responses

Author(s)

Xavier, Andre Machado ^[1] ; Olimpio Anunciato, Aparecida Kataryna ^[1] ; Rosenstock, Tatiana Rosado ^[2] ; Glezer, Isaias ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Biochem, Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Santa Casa Sao Paulo Med Sch, Dept Physiol Sci, Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Document type: Review article
• Source: FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY; v. 7, APR 19 2016.
• Web of Science Citations: 18

Abstract

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-inflammatory compounds that have been extensively used in clinical practice for several decades. GC's effects on inflammation are generally mediated through GC receptors (GRs). Signal transduction through these nuclear receptors leads to dramatic changes in gene expression programs in different cell types, typically due to GR binding to DNA or to transcription modulators. During the last decade, the view of GCs as exclusive anti-inflammatory molecules has been challenged. GR negative interference in pro-inflammatory gene expression was a landmark in terms of molecular mechanisms that suppress immune activity. In fact, GR can induce varied inhibitory molecules, including a negative regulator of Toll-like receptors pathway, or subject key transcription factors, such as NF-kappa B and AP-1, to a repressor mechanism. In contrast, the expression of some acute-phase proteins and other players of innate immunity generally requires GR signaling. Consequently, GRs must operate context-dependent inhibitory, permissive, or stimulatory effects on host defense signaling triggered by pathogens or tissue damage. This review aims to disclose how contradictory or comparable effects on inflammatory gene expression can depend on pharmacological approach (including selective GC receptor modulators; SEGRMs), cell culture, animal treatment, or transgenic strategies used as models. Although the current view of GR-signaling integrated many advances in the field, some answers to important questions remain elusive. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 07/53732-8 - Post-lesion cell regeneration in the nervous system and functional aspects of genes linked to innate immune response
• Grantee: Isaias Glezer
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants