Incubation Temperature during Fetal Development Influences Morphophysiological Characteristics and Preferred Ambient Temperature of Chicken Hatchlings

Author(s)

Morita, Viviane de Souza ^[1] ; de Almeida, Vitor Rosa ^[1] ; Matos Junior, Joao Batista ^[1] ; Vicentini, Tamiris Iara ^[1] ; van den Brand, Henry ^[2] ; Boleli, Isabel Cristina ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Anim Morphol & Physiol, Access Rd Prof Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884900 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Wageningen Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Adaptat Physiol Grp, POB 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen - Netherlands

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: PLoS One; v. 11, n. 5 MAY 16 2016.
• Web of Science Citations: 4

Abstract

Skin and feather characteristics, which play a critical role in body temperature maintenance, can be affected by incubation circumstances, such as incubation temperature. However, no study to date has assessed the influence of incubation temperature during the fetal stage on morphometric characteristics and vascular development of the skin, feather characteristics, and their relationship to hormone levels and preferred temperature in later life in chickens. Broiler breeder eggs were exposed to low (36 degrees C), control (37.5 degrees C), or high (39 degrees C) temperatures (treatments LT, CK, and HT, respectively) from day 13 of incubation onward, because it is known that the endocrine axes are already established at this time. During this period, eggshell temperature of HT eggs (38.8 +/- 0.33 degrees C) was higher than of LT (37.4 +/- 0.08 degrees C) and CK eggs (37.8 +/- 0.15 degrees C). The difference between eggshell and incubator air temperature diminished with the increasing incubation temperature, and was approximately zero for HT. HT hatchlings had higher surface temperature on the head, neck, and back, and thinner and more vascularized skin than did CK and LT hatchlings. No differences were found among treatments for body weight, total feather weight, number and length of barbs, barbule length, and plasma T4 concentration. LT hatchlings showed lower plasma T3 and GH, as well as lower T3/T4 ratio and decreased vascularity in the neck, back, and thigh skin compared to CK hatchlings. On the other hand, HT hatchlings had decreased skin thickness and increased vascularity, and preferred a higher ambient temperature compared to CK and HT hatchlings. In addition, for all treatments, surface temperature on the head was higher than of the other body regions. We conclude that changes in skin thickness and vascularity, as well as changes in thyroid and growth hormone levels, are the result of embryonic strategies to cope with higher or lower than normal incubation temperatures. Additionally exposure to increased temperature during incubation is an environmental factor that can exert early-life influence on ambient temperature preference of broiler hatchlings in later life. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 11/18373-2 - MANIPULATION OF TEMPERATURE OF INCUBATION: effects on thermal preference, characteristics of skin, feathers and bones of broilers
• Grantee: Viviane de Souza Morita
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate