Single and mixture toxicity of abamectin and difenoconazole to adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Author(s)

Madeira Sanches, Ana Leticia ^[1] ; Vieira, Bruna Horvath ^[1] ; Reghini, Marina Vanderlei ^[1] ; Moreira, Raquel Aparecida ^[2] ; Freitas, Emanuela Cristina ^[1] ; Espindola, EValdo L. G. ^[1] ; Daam, Michiel A. ^{[1, 3]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos Engn Sch, NEEA CRHEA SHS, Av Trabalhador Sao Carlense 400, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, CENSE, Quinta Torre, P-2829516 Caparica - Portugal

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Chemosphere; v. 188, p. 582-587, DEC 2017.
• Web of Science Citations: 10

Abstract

Concerns have been raised in recent years on the potential risks related with pesticide mixtures that are likely to be present in agricultural edge-of-field waterbodies. Despite the high use of pesticides in tropical countries like Brazil, studies evaluating pesticide mixtures are especially scarce in the tropics. The insecticide abamectin and the fungicide difenoconazole are the main pesticides intensively used in Brazilian strawberry crop and are hence likely to occur simultaneously. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the toxicity of abamectin, difenoconazole and their mixture to the tropical fish Danio rerio. Laboratory toxicity tests with the individual pesticides indicated 48 h-LC50 values of 59 mu g L-1 for abamectin and 1.4 mg L-1 for difenoconazole. Mixtures of the two pesticides revealed a synergistic deviation of the independent action model. Implications of study findings for the aquatic risk assessment of pesticide mixtures, especially in tropical countries and indications for future research are discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 14/14621-0 - Analysis of the environmental effects of Kraft and score pesticides and its active ingredients abamectin and difenoconazole in tropical surface waters by biomarkers
• Grantee: Ana Letícia Madeira Sanches
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate