Precision Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Nitrogen and its Primary and Secondary Components with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Aguilar, M.; Cavasonza, L. Ali; Alpat, B.; Ambrosi, G.; Arruda, L.; Attig, N.; Aupetit, S.; Azzarello, P.; Bachlechner, A.; Barao, F.; Barrau, A.; Barrin, L.; Bartoloni, A.; Basara, L.; Basegmez-du Pree, S.; Battarbee, M.; Battiston, R.; Becker, U.; Behlmann, M.; Beischer, B.; Berdugo, J.; Bertucci, B.; Bindel, K. F.; Bindi, V.; de Boer, W.; Bollweg, K.; Bonnivard, V.; Borgia, B.; Boschini, M. J.; Bourquin, M.; Bueno, E. F.; Burger, J.; Burger, W. J.; Cai, X. D.; Capell, M.; Caroff, S.; Casaus, J.; Castellini, G.; Cervelli, F.; Chang, Y. H.; Chen, A. I.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, L.; Chou, H. Y.; Choumilov, E.; Choutko, V.; Chung, C. H.; Clark, C.; Clavero, R.; Coignet, G.; Consolandi, C.; Contin, A.; Corti, C.; Creus, W.; Crispoltoni, M.; Cui, Z.; Dadzie, K.; Dai, Y. M.; Datta, A.; Delgado, C.; Della Torre, S.; Demirkoz, M. B.; Derome, L.; Di Falco, S.; Dimiccoli, F.; Diaz, C.; von Doetinchem, P.; Dong, F.; Donnini, F.; Duranti, M.; Egorov, A.; Eline, A.; Eronen, T.; Feng, J.; Fiandrini, E.; Fisher, P.; Formato, V.; Galaktionov, Y.; Gallucci, G.; Garcia-Lopez, R. J.; Gargiulo, C.; Gast, H.; Gebauer, I.; Gervasi, M.; Ghelfi, A.; Giovacchini, F.; Gomez-Coral, D. M.; Gong, J.; Goy, C.; Grabski, V.; Grandi, D.; Graziani, M.; Guo, K. H.; Haino, S.; Han, K. C.; He, Z. H.; Heil, M.; Hsieh, T. H.; Huang, H.; Huang, Z. C.; Incagli, M.; Jia, Yi; Jinchi, H.; Kanishev, K.; Khiali, B.; Kirn, Th.; Konak, C.; Kounina, O.; Kounine, A.; Koutsenko, V.; Kulemzin, A.; La Vacca, G.; Laudi, E.; Laurenti, G.; Lazzizzera, I.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, H. T.; Lee, S. C.; Leluc, C.; Li, H. S.; Li, J. Q.; Li, Q.; Li, T. X.; Li, Z. H.; Li, Z. Y.; Lin, C. H.; Lipari, P.; Lippert, T.; Liu, D.; Liu, Hu; Liu, Z.; Lordello, V. D.; Lu, S. Q.; Lu, Y. S.; Luebelsmeyer, K.; Luo, F.; Luo, J. Z.; Lyu, S. S.; Machate, F.; Mana, C.; Marin, J.; Martin, T.; Martinez, G.; Masi, N.; Maurin, D.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Meng, Q.; Mikuni, V. M.; Mo, D. C.; Mott, P.; Mussolin, L.; Nelson, T.; Ni, J. Q.; Nikonov, N.; Nozzoli, F.; Oliva, A.; Orcinha, M.; Palermo, M.; Palmonari, F.; Palomares, C.; Paniccia, M.; Pauluzzi, M.; Pensotti, S.; Perrina, C.; Phan, H. D.; Picot-Clemente, N.; Pilo, F.; Plyaskin, V.; Pohl, M.; Poireau, V.; Quadrani, L.; Qi, X. M.; Qin, X.; Qu, Z. Y.; Raeihae, T.; Rancoita, P. G.; Rapin, D.; Ricol, J. S.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Rozhkov, A.; Rozza, D.; Sagdeev, R.; Schael, S.; Schmidt, S. M.; von Dratzig, A. Schulz; Schwering, G.; Seo, E. S.; Shan, B. S.; Shi, J. Y.; Siedenburg, T.; Song, J. W.; Tacconi, M.; Tang, X. W.; Tang, Z. C.; Tescaro, D.; Tian, J.; Ting, Samuel C. C.; Ting, S. M.; Tomassetti, N.; Torsti, J.; Urban, T.; Vagelli, V.; Valente, E.; Valtonen, E.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Velasco, M.; Vialle, J. P.; Wang, L. Q.; Wang, N. H.; Wang, Q. L.; Wang, X.; Wang, X. Q.; Wang, Z. X.; Wei, C. C.; Wei, J.; Weng, Z. L.; Whitman, K.; Wu, H.; Xiong, R. Q.; Xu, W.; Yan, Q.; Yang, M.; Yang, Y.; Yi, H.; Yu, Y. J.; Yu, Z. Q.; Zannoni, M.; Zeissler, S.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J. H.; Zhang, S. W.; Zhang, Z.; Zheng, Z. M.; Zhuang, H. L.; Zhukov, V.; Zichichi, A.; Zimmermann, N.; Zuccon, P.; Collaboration, AMS

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Author(s): Show less -	Aguilar, M. ^[1] ; Cavasonza, L. Ali ^{[2, 3]} ; Alpat, B. ^[4] ; Ambrosi, G. ^[4] ; Arruda, L. ^[5] ; Attig, N. ^{[6, 7]} ; Aupetit, S. ^{[8, 9]} ; Azzarello, P. ^[10] ; Bachlechner, A. ^{[2, 3]} ; Barao, F. ^[5] ; Barrau, A. ^{[8, 9]} ; Barrin, L. ^[11] ; Bartoloni, A. ^[12] ; Basara, L. ^[13] ; Basegmez-du Pree, S. ^{[14, 15]} ; Battarbee, M. ^[16] ; Battiston, R. ^{[17, 13, 18]} ; Becker, U. ^[19] ; Behlmann, M. ^[19] ; Beischer, B. ^{[2, 3]} ; Berdugo, J. ^[1] ; Bertucci, B. ^{[20, 4]} ; Bindel, K. F. ^[21] ; Bindi, V. ^[22] ; de Boer, W. ^[21] ; Bollweg, K. ^[23] ; Bonnivard, V. ^{[8, 9]} ; Borgia, B. ^{[24, 12]} ; Boschini, M. J. ^[25] ; Bourquin, M. ^[10] ; Bueno, E. F. ^[26] ; Burger, J. ^[19] ; Burger, W. J. ^[13] ; Cai, X. D. ^[19] ; Capell, M. ^[19] ; Caroff, S. ^{[27, 28]} ; Casaus, J. ^[1] ; Castellini, G. ^[29] ; Cervelli, F. ^[30] ; Chang, Y. H. ^[31] ; Chen, A. I. ^[19] ; Chen, G. M. ^[15] ; Chen, H. S. ^{[15, 32]} ; Chen, Y. ^[10] ; Cheng, L. ^[33] ; Chou, H. Y. ^[31] ; Choumilov, E. ^[19] ; Choutko, V. ^[19] ; Chung, C. H. ^{[2, 3]} ; Clark, C. ^[23] ; Clavero, R. ^{[34, 35]} ; Coignet, G. ^{[27, 28]} ; Consolandi, C. ^[22] ; Contin, A. ^{[36, 37]} ; Corti, C. ^[22] ; Creus, W. ^[38] ; Crispoltoni, M. ^{[20, 4]} ; Cui, Z. ^[33] ; Dadzie, K. ^[19] ; Dai, Y. M. ^[39] ; Datta, A. ^[22] ; Delgado, C. ^[1] ; Della Torre, S. ^[25] ; Demirkoz, M. B. ^[14] ; Derome, L. ^{[8, 9]} ; Di Falco, S. ^[30] ; Dimiccoli, F. ^{[11, 13]} ; Diaz, C. ^[1] ; von Doetinchem, P. ^[22] ; Dong, F. ^[40] ; Donnini, F. ^{[4, 41]} ; Duranti, M. ^[4] ; Egorov, A. ^[19] ; Eline, A. ^[19] ; Eronen, T. ^[16] ; Feng, J. ^[19] ; Fiandrini, E. ^{[20, 4]} ; Fisher, P. ^[19] ; Formato, V. ^[4] ; Galaktionov, Y. ^[19] ; Gallucci, G. ^[30] ; Garcia-Lopez, R. J. ^{[34, 35]} ; Gargiulo, C. ^[11] ; Gast, H. ^{[2, 3]} ; Gebauer, I. ^[21] ; Gervasi, M. ^{[25, 42]} ; Ghelfi, A. ^{[8, 9]} ; Giovacchini, F. ^[1] ; Gomez-Coral, D. M. ^[43] ; Gong, J. ^[40] ; Goy, C. ^{[27, 28]} ; Grabski, V. ^[43] ; Grandi, D. ^{[25, 42]} ; Graziani, M. ^[21] ; Guo, K. H. ^[44] ; Haino, S. ^[38] ; Han, K. C. ^[45] ; He, Z. H. ^[44] ; Heil, M. ^[19] ; Hsieh, T. H. ^[19] ; Huang, H. ^{[38, 46]} ; Huang, Z. C. ^[44] ; Incagli, M. ^[30] ; Jia, Yi ^[19] ; Jinchi, H. ^[45] ; Kanishev, K. ^{[11, 13]} ; Khiali, B. ^{[4, 41, 31]} ; Kirn, Th. ^{[2, 3]} ; Konak, C. ^[14] ; Kounina, O. ^[19] ; Kounine, A. ^[19] ; Koutsenko, V. ^[19] ; Kulemzin, A. ^[19] ; La Vacca, G. ^{[25, 42]} ; Laudi, E. ^[11] ; Laurenti, G. ^[36] ; Lazzizzera, I. ^{[13, 18]} ; Lebedev, A. ^[19] ; Lee, H. T. ^[47] ; Lee, S. C. ^[38] ; Leluc, C. ^[10] ; Li, H. S. ^[48] ; Li, J. Q. ^[40] ; Li, Q. ^[40] ; Li, T. X. ^[44] ; Li, Z. H. ^[15] ; Li, Z. Y. ^{[38, 44]} ; Lin, C. H. ^[38] ; Lipari, P. ^[12] ; Lippert, T. ^{[6, 7]} ; Liu, D. ^[31] ; Liu, Hu ^[19] ; Liu, Z. ^[10] ; Lordello, V. D. ^[26] ; Lu, S. Q. ^{[38, 44]} ; Lu, Y. S. ^[15] ; Luebelsmeyer, K. ^{[2, 3]} ; Luo, F. ^[33] ; Luo, J. Z. ^[40] ; Lyu, S. S. ^[44] ; Machate, F. ^{[2, 3]} ; Mana, C. ^[1] ; Marin, J. ^[1] ; Martin, T. ^[23] ; Martinez, G. ^[1] ; Masi, N. ^[36] ; Maurin, D. ^{[8, 9]} ; Menchaca-Rocha, A. ^[43] ; Meng, Q. ^[40] ; Mikuni, V. M. ^[26] ; Mo, D. C. ^[44] ; Mott, P. ^[23] ; Mussolin, L. ^{[20, 4]} ; Nelson, T. ^[22] ; Ni, J. Q. ^[44] ; Nikonov, N. ^{[2, 3]} ; Nozzoli, F. ^[13] ; Oliva, A. ^[1] ; Orcinha, M. ^[5] ; Palermo, M. ^[22] ; Palmonari, F. ^{[36, 37]} ; Palomares, C. ^[1] ; Paniccia, M. ^[10] ; Pauluzzi, M. ^{[20, 4]} ; Pensotti, S. ^{[25, 42]} ; Perrina, C. ^[10] ; Phan, H. D. ^[19] ; Picot-Clemente, N. ^[49] ; Pilo, F. ^[30] ; Plyaskin, V. ^[19] ; Pohl, M. ^[10] ; Poireau, V. ^{[27, 28]} ; Quadrani, L. ^{[36, 37]} ; Qi, X. M. ^[44] ; Qin, X. ^[19] ; Qu, Z. Y. ^{[38, 50]} ; Raeihae, T. ^{[2, 3]} ; Rancoita, P. G. ^[25] ; Rapin, D. ^[10] ; Ricol, J. S. ^{[8, 9]} ; Rosier-Lees, S. ^{[27, 28]} ; Rozhkov, A. ^[19] ; Rozza, D. ^{[25, 42]} ; Sagdeev, R. ^[51] ; Schael, S. ^{[2, 3]} ; Schmidt, S. M. ^{[6, 7]} ; von Dratzig, A. Schulz ^{[2, 3]} ; Schwering, G. ^{[2, 3]} ; Seo, E. S. ^[49] ; Shan, B. S. ^[52] ; Shi, J. Y. ^[40] ; Siedenburg, T. ^{[2, 3]} ; Song, J. W. ^[33] ; Tacconi, M. ^{[25, 42]} ; Tang, X. W. ^[15] ; Tang, Z. C. ^[15] ; Tescaro, D. ^{[34, 35]} ; Tian, J. ^{[20, 4]} ; Ting, Samuel C. C. ^{[19, 11]} ; Ting, S. M. ^[19] ; Tomassetti, N. ^{[20, 4]} ; Torsti, J. ^[16] ; Urban, T. ^[23] ; Vagelli, V. ^{[20, 4]} ; Valente, E. ^{[24, 12]} ; Valtonen, E. ^[16] ; Vazquez Acosta, M. ^{[34, 35]} ; Vecchi, M. ^{[53, 26]} ; Velasco, M. ^[1] ; Vialle, J. P. ^{[27, 28]} ; Wang, L. Q. ^[33] ; Wang, N. H. ^[33] ; Wang, Q. L. ^[39] ; Wang, X. ^[19] ; Wang, X. Q. ^{[15, 32]} ; Wang, Z. X. ^[44] ; Wei, C. C. ^{[38, 54]} ; Wei, J. ^[10] ; Weng, Z. L. ^[19] ; Whitman, K. ^[22] ; Wu, H. ^[40] ; Xiong, R. Q. ^[40] ; Xu, W. ^[19] ; Yan, Q. ^[19] ; Yang, M. ^[15] ; Yang, Y. ^[48] ; Yi, H. ^[40] ; Yu, Y. J. ^[39] ; Yu, Z. Q. ^[15] ; Zannoni, M. ^{[25, 42]} ; Zeissler, S. ^[21] ; Zhang, C. ^[15] ; Zhang, F. ^[15] ; Zhang, J. ^{[19, 46]} ; Zhang, J. H. ^[40] ; Zhang, S. W. ^{[15, 32]} ; Zhang, Z. ^[19] ; Zheng, Z. M. ^[52] ; Zhuang, H. L. ^[15] ; Zhukov, V. ^{[2, 3]} ; Zichichi, A. ^{[36, 37]} ; Zimmermann, N. ^{[2, 3]} ; Zuccon, P. ^{[19, 13, 18]} ; Collaboration, AMS Total Authors: 244
Affiliation: Show less -	^[1] Ctr Invest Energeticas Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid - Spain ^[2] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen - Germany ^[3] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen - Germany ^[4] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia - Italy ^[5] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, P-1000 Lisbon - Portugal ^[6] Res Ctr Julich, JARA FAME, D-52425 Julich - Germany ^[7] Res Ctr Julich, Julich Supercompu Ctr, D-52425 Julich - Germany ^[8] Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble - France ^[9] CNRS IN2P3, LPSC, F-38026 Grenoble - France ^[10] Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4 - Switzerland ^[11] European Org Nucl Res CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23 - Switzerland ^[12] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome - Italy ^[13] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento - Italy ^[14] METU, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara - Turkey ^[15] Chinese Acad Sci, IHEP, Beijing 100049 - Peoples R China ^[16] Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Lab, FI-20014 Turku - Finland ^[17] ASI, I-00133 Rome - Italy ^[18] Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento - Italy ^[19] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 - USA ^[20] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia - Italy ^[21] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Expt Teilchenphys, D-76131 Karlsruhe - Germany ^[22] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 - USA ^[23] Jacobs Engn & Business Integra, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm Johnson Space Ctr ( JS, Houston, TX 77058 - USA ^[24] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome - Italy ^[25] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan - Italy ^[26] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, CP 369, BR-13560970 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil ^[27] CNRS IN2P3, LAPP, F-74000 Annecy - France ^[28] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74000 Annecy - France ^[29] CNR IROE, I-50125 Florence - Italy ^[30] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56100 Pisa - Italy ^[31] NCU, Chungli 32054, Tao Yuan - Taiwan ^[32] Univ Chinese Acad Sci UCAS, Beijing 100049 - Peoples R China ^[33] Shandong Univ SDU, Jinan 250100, Shandong - Peoples R China ^[34] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife - Spain ^[35] IAC, E-38205 San Cristobal la Laguna - Spain ^[36] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna - Italy ^[37] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna - Italy ^[38] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529 - Taiwan ^[39] Chinese Acad Sci, IEE, Beijing 100190 - Peoples R China ^[40] Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu - Peoples R China ^[41] ASI Space Sci Data Ctr SSDC, I-00133 Rome - Italy ^[42] Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan - Italy ^[43] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF - Mexico ^[44] SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong - Peoples R China ^[45] NCSIST, Longtan 32546, Tao Yuan - Taiwan ^[46] Wuhan Univ, Wuhan 430072, Hubei - Peoples R China ^[47] ASGC, Taipei 11529 - Taiwan ^[48] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan 70101 - Taiwan ^[49] Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 - USA ^[50] Nankai Univ, Tianjin 300071 - Peoples R China ^[51] Univ Maryland, East West Ctr Space Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 - USA ^[52] Beihang Univ BUAA, Beijing 100191 - Peoples R China ^[53] Univ Groningen, KVI Ctr Adv Radiat Technol, NL-9700 AB Groningen - Netherlands ^[54] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoretial Phys, Beijing 100190 - Peoples R China Total Affiliations: 54
Document type:	Journal article
Source:	Physical Review Letters; v. 121, n. 5 JUL 31 2018.
Web of Science Citations:	15
Abstract
A precision measurement of the nitrogen flux with rigidity (momentum per unit charge) from 2.2 GV to 3.3 TV based on 2.2 x 10(6) events is presented. The detailed rigidity dependence of the nitrogen flux spectral index is presented for the first time. The spectral index rapidly hardens at high rigidities and becomes identical to the spectral indices of primary He, C, and O cosmic rays above similar to 700 GV. We observed that the nitrogen flux Phi(N) can be presented as the sum of its primary component Phi(P)(N) and secondary component Phi(S)(N), Phi(N) = Phi(P)(N) + Phi(S)(N), and we found Phi(N) is well described by the weighted sum of the oxygen flux Phi(O) (primary cosmic rays) and the boron flux Phi(B) (secondary cosmic rays), with Phi(P)(N) = (0.090 +/- 0.002) x Phi(O) and Phi(S)(N) = (0.62 +/- 0.02) x Phi(B) over the entire rigidity range. This corresponds to a change of the contribution of the secondary cosmic ray component in the nitrogen flux from 70% at a few GV to < 30% above 1 TV. (AU)

FAPESP's process:	15/50378-5 - Measurement of cosmic ray nuclei with AMS-02 experiment
Grantee:	Manuela Vecchi
Support Opportunities:	Regular Research Grants


FAPESP's process:	14/19149-7 - Indirect dark matter search with the AMS-02 detector
Grantee:	Manuela Vecchi
Support Opportunities:	Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants


FAPESP's process:	16/10222-9 - Electrons detection with the AMS-02 experiment
Grantee:	Vinicius Massami Mikuni
Support Opportunities:	Scholarships in Brazil - Master

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