Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Aguilar, M.; Cavasonza, L. Ali; Alpat, B.; Ambrosi, G.; Arruda, L.; Attig, N.; Aupetit, S.; Azzarello, P.; Bachlechner, A.; Barao, F.; Barrau, A.; Barrin, L.; Bartoloni, A.; Basara, L.; Basegmez-du Pree, S.; Battarbee, M.; Battiston, R.; Becker, U.; Behlmann, M.; Beischer, B.; Berdugo, J.; Bertucci, B.; Bindel, K. F.; Bindi, V.; de Boer, W.; Bollweg, K.; Bonnivard, V.; Borgia, B.; Boschini, M. J.; Bourquin, M.; Bueno, E. F.; Burger, J.; Cadoux, F.; Cai, X. D.; Capell, M.; Caroff, S.; Casaus, J.; Castellini, G.; Cervelli, F.; Chae, M. J.; Chang, Y. H.; Chen, A. I.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, L.; Chou, H. Y.; Choumilov, E.; Choutko, V.; Chung, C. H.; Clark, C.; Clavero, R.; Coignet, G.; Consolandi, C.; Contin, A.; Corti, C.; Creus, W.; Crispoltoni, M.; Cui, Z.; Dadzie, K.; Dai, Y. M.; Datta, A.; Delgado, C.; Della Torre, S.; Demirkoz, M. B.; Derome, L.; Di Falco, S.; Dimiccoli, F.; Diaz, C.; von Doetinchem, P.; Dong, F.; Donnini, F.; Duranti, M.; D'Urso, D.; Egorov, A.; Eline, A.; Eronen, T.; Feng, J.; Fiandrini, E.; Fisher, P.; Formato, V.; Galaktionov, Y.; Gallucci, G.; Garcia-Lopez, R. J.; Gargiulo, C.; Gast, H.; Gebauer, I.; Gervasi, M.; Ghelfi, A.; Giovacchini, F.; Gomez-Coral, D. M.; Gong, J.; Goy, C.; Grabski, V.; Grandi, D.; Graziani, M.; Guo, K. H.; Haino, S.; Han, K. C.; He, Z. H.; Heil, M.; Hoffman, J.; Hsieh, T. H.; Huang, H.; Huang, Z. C.; Huh, C.; Incagli, M.; Ionica, M.; Jang, W. Y.; Jia, Yi; Jinchi, H.; Kang, S. C.; Kanishev, K.; Khiali, B.; Kim, G. N.; Kim, K. S.; Kirn, Th.; Konak, C.; Kounina, O.; Kounine, A.; Koutsenko, V.; Kulemzin, A.; La Vacca, G.; Laudi, E.; Laurenti, G.; Lazzizzera, I.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, H. T.; Lee, S. C.; Leluc, C.; Li, H. S.; Li, J. Q.; Li, Q.; Li, T. X.; Li, Z. H.; Li, Z. Y.; Light, C.; Lim, S.; Lin, C. H.; Lipari, P.; Lippert, T.; Liu, D.; Liu, Hu; Lordello, V. D.; Lu, S. Q.; Lu, Y. S.; Luebelsmeyer, K.; Luo, F.; Luo, J. Z.; Luo, X.; Lyu, S. S.; Machate, F.; Mana, C.; Marin, J.; Martin, T.; Martinez, G.; Masi, N.; Maurin, D.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Meng, Q.; Mikuni, V. M.; Mo, D. C.; Mott, P.; Nelson, T.; Ni, J. Q.; Nikonov, N.; Nozzoli, F.; Oliva, A.; Orcinha, M.; Palermo, M.; Palmonari, F.; Palomares, C.; Paniccia, M.; Pauluzzi, M.; Pensotti, S.; Perrina, C.; Phan, H. D.; Picot-Clemente, N.; Pilo, F.; Pizzolotto, C.; Plyaskin, V.; Pohl, M.; Poireau, V.; Popkow, A.; Quadrani, L.; Qi, X. M.; Qin, X.; Qu, Z. Y.; Raeihae, T.; Rancoita, P. G.; Rapin, D.; Ricol, J. S.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Rozhkov, A.; Rozza, D.; Sagdeev, R.; Schael, S.; Schmidt, S. M.; von Dratzig, A. Schulz; Schwering, G.; Seo, E. S.; Shan, B. S.; Shi, J. Y.; Siedenburg, T.; Son, D.; Song, J. W.; Tacconi, M.; Tang, X. W.; Tang, Z. C.; Tescaro, D.; Ting, Samuel C. C.; Ting, S. M.; Tomassetti, N.; Torsti, J.; Turkoglu, C.; Urban, T.; Vagelli, V.; Valente, E.; Valtonen, E.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vecchi, M.; Velasco, M.; Vialle, J. P.; Wang, L. Q.; Wang, N. H.; Wang, Q. L.; Wang, X.; Wang, X. Q.; Wang, Z. X.; Wei, C. C.; Weng, Z. L.; Whitman, K.; Wu, H.; Wu, X.; Xiong, R. Q.; Xu, W.; Yan, Q.; Yang, J.; Yang, M.; Yang, Y.; Yi, H.; Yu, Y. J.; Yu, Z. Q.; Zannoni, M.; Zeissler, S.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J. H.; Zhang, S. W.; Zhang, Z.; Zheng, Z. M.; Zhuang, H. L.; Zhukov, V.; Zichichi, A.; Zimmermann, N.; Zuccon, P.; Collaboration, AMS

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Author(s): Show less -	Aguilar, M. ^[1] ; Cavasonza, L. Ali ^{[2, 3]} ; Alpat, B. ^[4] ; Ambrosi, G. ^[4] ; Arruda, L. ^[5] ; Attig, N. ^{[6, 7]} ; Aupetit, S. ^{[8, 9]} ; Azzarello, P. ^[10] ; Bachlechner, A. ^{[2, 3]} ; Barao, F. ^[5] ; Barrau, A. ^{[8, 9]} ; Barrin, L. ^[11] ; Bartoloni, A. ^[12] ; Basara, L. ^[13] ; Basegmez-du Pree, S. ^[14] ; Battarbee, M. ^[15] ; Battiston, R. ^{[16, 13, 17]} ; Becker, U. ^[18] ; Behlmann, M. ^[18] ; Beischer, B. ^{[2, 3]} ; Berdugo, J. ^[1] ; Bertucci, B. ^{[19, 4]} ; Bindel, K. F. ^[20] ; Bindi, V. ^[21] ; de Boer, W. ^[20] ; Bollweg, K. ^[22] ; Bonnivard, V. ^{[8, 9]} ; Borgia, B. ^{[23, 12]} ; Boschini, M. J. ^[24] ; Bourquin, M. ^[10] ; Bueno, E. F. ^[25] ; Burger, J. ^[18] ; Cadoux, F. ^[10] ; Cai, X. D. ^[18] ; Capell, M. ^[18] ; Caroff, S. ^{[26, 27]} ; Casaus, J. ^[1] ; Castellini, G. ^[28] ; Cervelli, F. ^[29] ; Chae, M. J. ^[30] ; Chang, Y. H. ^[31] ; Chen, A. I. ^[18] ; Chen, G. M. ^[14] ; Chen, H. S. ^{[32, 14]} ; Chen, Y. ^[10] ; Cheng, L. ^[33] ; Chou, H. Y. ^[31] ; Choumilov, E. ^[18] ; Choutko, V. ^[18] ; Chung, C. H. ^{[2, 3]} ; Clark, C. ^[22] ; Clavero, R. ^{[34, 35]} ; Coignet, G. ^{[26, 27]} ; Consolandi, C. ^[21] ; Contin, A. ^{[36, 37]} ; Corti, C. ^[21] ; Creus, W. ^[38] ; Crispoltoni, M. ^{[19, 4]} ; Cui, Z. ^[33] ; Dadzie, K. ^[18] ; Dai, Y. M. ^[39] ; Datta, A. ^[21] ; Delgado, C. ^[1] ; Della Torre, S. ^[24] ; Demirkoz, M. B. ^[40] ; Derome, L. ^{[8, 9]} ; Di Falco, S. ^[29] ; Dimiccoli, F. ^{[13, 17]} ; Diaz, C. ^[1] ; von Doetinchem, P. ^[21] ; Dong, F. ^[41] ; Donnini, F. ^{[19, 4]} ; Duranti, M. ^[4] ; D'Urso, D. ^{[4, 42, 43]} ; Egorov, A. ^[18] ; Eline, A. ^[18] ; Eronen, T. ^[15] ; Feng, J. ^[18] ; Fiandrini, E. ^{[19, 4]} ; Fisher, P. ^[18] ; Formato, V. ^[4] ; Galaktionov, Y. ^[18] ; Gallucci, G. ^[29] ; Garcia-Lopez, R. J. ^{[34, 35]} ; Gargiulo, C. ^[11] ; Gast, H. ^{[2, 3]} ; Gebauer, I. ^[20] ; Gervasi, M. ^{[24, 44]} ; Ghelfi, A. ^{[8, 9]} ; Giovacchini, F. ^[1] ; Gomez-Coral, D. M. ^[45] ; Gong, J. ^[41] ; Goy, C. ^{[26, 27]} ; Grabski, V. ^[45] ; Grandi, D. ^[24] ; Graziani, M. ^[20] ; Guo, K. H. ^[46] ; Haino, S. ^[38] ; Han, K. C. ^[47] ; He, Z. H. ^[46] ; Heil, M. ^[18] ; Hoffman, J. ^[21] ; Hsieh, T. H. ^[18] ; Huang, H. ^{[38, 48]} ; Huang, Z. C. ^[46] ; Huh, C. ^[49] ; Incagli, M. ^[29] ; Ionica, M. ^[4] ; Jang, W. Y. ^[49] ; Jia, Yi ^[18] ; Jinchi, H. ^[47] ; Kang, S. C. ^[49] ; Kanishev, K. ^{[11, 13]} ; Khiali, B. ^[31] ; Kim, G. N. ^[49] ; Kim, K. S. ^[49] ; Kirn, Th. ^{[2, 3]} ; Konak, C. ^[40] ; Kounina, O. ^[18] ; Kounine, A. ^[18] ; Koutsenko, V. ^[18] ; Kulemzin, A. ^[18] ; La Vacca, G. ^{[24, 44]} ; Laudi, E. ^[11] ; Laurenti, G. ^[36] ; Lazzizzera, I. ^{[13, 17]} ; Lebedev, A. ^[18] ; Lee, H. T. ^[50] ; Lee, S. C. ^[38] ; Leluc, C. ^[10] ; Li, H. S. ^[51] ; Li, J. Q. ^[41] ; Li, Q. ^[41] ; Li, T. X. ^[46] ; Li, Z. H. ^[14] ; Li, Z. Y. ^{[38, 46]} ; Light, C. ^[21] ; Lim, S. ^[49] ; Lin, C. H. ^[38] ; Lipari, P. ^[12] ; Lippert, T. ^{[6, 7]} ; Liu, D. ^[31] ; Liu, Hu ^{[18, 52]} ; Lordello, V. D. ^[25] ; Lu, S. Q. ^{[38, 46]} ; Lu, Y. S. ^[14] ; Luebelsmeyer, K. ^{[2, 3]} ; Luo, F. ^[33] ; Luo, J. Z. ^[41] ; Luo, X. ^[21] ; Lyu, S. S. ^[46] ; Machate, F. ^{[2, 3]} ; Mana, C. ^[1] ; Marin, J. ^[1] ; Martin, T. ^[22] ; Martinez, G. ^[1] ; Masi, N. ^[36] ; Maurin, D. ^{[8, 9]} ; Menchaca-Rocha, A. ^[45] ; Meng, Q. ^[41] ; Mikuni, V. M. ^[25] ; Mo, D. C. ^[46] ; Mott, P. ^[22] ; Nelson, T. ^[21] ; Ni, J. Q. ^[46] ; Nikonov, N. ^{[2, 3]} ; Nozzoli, F. ^{[4, 43]} ; Oliva, A. ^[1] ; Orcinha, M. ^[5] ; Palermo, M. ^[21] ; Palmonari, F. ^{[36, 37]} ; Palomares, C. ^[1] ; Paniccia, M. ^[10] ; Pauluzzi, M. ^{[19, 4]} ; Pensotti, S. ^{[24, 44]} ; Perrina, C. ^[10] ; Phan, H. D. ^[18] ; Picot-Clemente, N. ^[53] ; Pilo, F. ^[29] ; Pizzolotto, C. ^{[4, 54, 43]} ; Plyaskin, V. ^[18] ; Pohl, M. ^[10] ; Poireau, V. ^{[26, 27]} ; Popkow, A. ^[21] ; Quadrani, L. ^{[36, 37]} ; Qi, X. M. ^[46] ; Qin, X. ^[18] ; Qu, Z. Y. ^{[38, 55]} ; Raeihae, T. ^{[2, 3]} ; Rancoita, P. G. ^[24] ; Rapin, D. ^[10] ; Ricol, J. S. ^{[8, 9]} ; Rosier-Lees, S. ^{[26, 27]} ; Rozhkov, A. ^[18] ; Rozza, D. ^{[24, 44]} ; Sagdeev, R. ^[56] ; Schael, S. ^{[2, 3]} ; Schmidt, S. M. ^{[6, 7]} ; von Dratzig, A. Schulz ^{[2, 3]} ; Schwering, G. ^{[2, 3]} ; Seo, E. S. ^[53] ; Shan, B. S. ^[57] ; Shi, J. Y. ^[41] ; Siedenburg, T. ^{[2, 3]} ; Son, D. ^[49] ; Song, J. W. ^[33] ; Tacconi, M. ^{[24, 44]} ; Tang, X. W. ^[14] ; Tang, Z. C. ^[14] ; Tescaro, D. ^{[34, 35]} ; Ting, Samuel C. C. ^{[11, 18]} ; Ting, S. M. ^[18] ; Tomassetti, N. ^{[19, 4]} ; Torsti, J. ^[15] ; Turkoglu, C. ^[40] ; Urban, T. ^[22] ; Vagelli, V. ^{[19, 4]} ; Valente, E. ^{[23, 12]} ; Valtonen, E. ^[15] ; Vazquez Acosta, M. ^{[34, 35]} ; Vecchi, M. ^[25] ; Velasco, M. ^[1] ; Vialle, J. P. ^{[26, 27]} ; Wang, L. Q. ^[33] ; Wang, N. H. ^[33] ; Wang, Q. L. ^[39] ; Wang, X. ^[18] ; Wang, X. Q. ^{[32, 14]} ; Wang, Z. X. ^[46] ; Wei, C. C. ^{[38, 58]} ; Weng, Z. L. ^[18] ; Whitman, K. ^[21] ; Wu, H. ^[41] ; Wu, X. ^[10] ; Xiong, R. Q. ^[41] ; Xu, W. ^[18] ; Yan, Q. ^[18] ; Yang, J. ^[30] ; Yang, M. ^[14] ; Yang, Y. ^[51] ; Yi, H. ^[41] ; Yu, Y. J. ^[39] ; Yu, Z. Q. ^[14] ; Zannoni, M. ^{[24, 44]} ; Zeissler, S. ^[20] ; Zhang, C. ^[14] ; Zhang, F. ^[14] ; Zhang, J. ^{[18, 48]} ; Zhang, J. H. ^[41] ; Zhang, S. W. ^{[32, 14]} ; Zhang, Z. ^[18] ; Zheng, Z. M. ^[57] ; Zhuang, H. L. ^[14] ; Zhukov, V. ^{[2, 3]} ; Zichichi, A. ^{[36, 37]} ; Zimmermann, N. ^{[2, 3]} ; Zuccon, P. ^[18] ; Collaboration, AMS Total Authors: 258
Affiliation: Show less -	^[1] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid - Spain ^[2] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, JARA FAME, D-52056 Aachen - Germany ^[3] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 1, D-52056 Aachen - Germany ^[4] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia - Italy ^[5] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, P-1000 Lisbon - Portugal ^[6] Res Ctr Julich, JARA FAME, D-52425 Julich - Germany ^[7] Res Ctr Julich, Julich Supercomp Ctr, D-52425 Julich - Germany ^[8] Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38026 Grenoble - France ^[9] CNRS IN2P3, LPSC, F-38026 Grenoble - France ^[10] Univ Geneva, DPNCS, CH-1211 Geneva 4 - Switzerland ^[11] European Org Nucl Res CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23 - Switzerland ^[12] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome - Italy ^[13] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, TIFPA, I-38123 Povo, Trento - Italy ^[14] Chinese Acad Sci, IHEP, Beijing 100049 - Peoples R China ^[15] Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Lab, FI-20014 Turku - Finland ^[16] ASI, I-00133 Rome - Italy ^[17] Univ Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento - Italy ^[18] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 - USA ^[19] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia - Italy ^[20] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Expt Teilchenphys, D-76131 Karlsruhe - Germany ^[21] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 - USA ^[22] Jacobs Engn & Business Integra, Nat Aeronaut & Space Adm, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 - USA ^[23] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome - Italy ^[24] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan - Italy ^[25] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, CP 369, BR-13560970 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil ^[26] Univ Savoie Mont Blanc, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux - France ^[27] CNRS IN2P3, LAPP, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux - France ^[28] CNR IROE, I-50125 Florence - Italy ^[29] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56100 Pisa - Italy ^[30] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul - South Korea ^[31] NCU, Chungli 32054, Tao Yuan - Taiwan ^[32] UCAS, Beijing 100049 - Peoples R China ^[33] Shandong Univ SDU, Jinan, Shandong - Peoples R China ^[34] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife - Spain ^[35] IAC, E-38205 San Cristobal la Laguna - Spain ^[36] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna - Italy ^[37] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna - Italy ^[38] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529 - Taiwan ^[39] Chinese Acad Sci, IEE, Beijing 100190 - Peoples R China ^[40] Middle East Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara - Turkey ^[41] Southeast Univ SEU, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu - Peoples R China ^[42] Univ Sassari, I-07100 Sassari - Italy ^[43] ASI Space Sci Data Ctr SSDC, I-00133 Rome - Italy ^[44] Univ Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan - Italy ^[45] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City, DF - Mexico ^[46] SYSU, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong - Peoples R China ^[47] NCSIST, Longtan 32546, Tao Yuan - Taiwan ^[48] Wuhan Univ, Wuhan 430072, Hubei - Peoples R China ^[49] Kyungpook Natl Univ, CHEP, Daegu 41566 - South Korea ^[50] ASGC, Taipei 11529 - Taiwan ^[51] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan 70101 - Taiwan ^[52] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei - Peoples R China ^[53] Univ Maryland, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 - USA ^[54] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34149 Trieste - Italy ^[55] Nankai Univ, Tianjin 300071 - Peoples R China ^[56] Univ Maryland, East West Ctr Space Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 - USA ^[57] Beihang Univ BUAA, Beijing 100191 - Peoples R China ^[58] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoretial Phys, Beijing 100190 - Peoples R China Total Affiliations: 58
Document type:	Journal article
Source:	Physical Review Letters; v. 121, n. 5 JUL 31 2018.
Web of Science Citations:	20
Abstract
We present the precision measurement from May 2011 to May 2017 (79 Bartels rotations) of the proton fluxes at rigidities from 1 to 60 GV and the helium fluxes from 1.9 to 60 GV based on a total of 1 x 109 events collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer aboard the International Space Station. This measurement is in solar cycle 24, which has the solar maximum in April 2014. We observed that, below 40 GV, the proton flux and the helium flux show nearly identical fine structures in both time and relative amplitude. The amplitudes of the flux structures decrease with increasing rigidity and vanish above 40 GV. The amplitudes of the structures are reduced during the time period, which started one year after solar maximum, when the proton and helium fluxes steadily increase. Above similar to 3 GV the p/He flux ratio is time independent. We observed that below similar to 3 GV the ratio has a long-term decrease coinciding with the period during which the fluxes start to rise. (AU)

FAPESP's process:	15/50378-5 - Measurement of cosmic ray nuclei with AMS-02 experiment
Grantee:	Manuela Vecchi
Support Opportunities:	Regular Research Grants


FAPESP's process:	14/19149-7 - Indirect dark matter search with the AMS-02 detector
Grantee:	Manuela Vecchi
Support Opportunities:	Research Grants - Young Investigators Grants


FAPESP's process:	16/10222-9 - Electrons detection with the AMS-02 experiment
Grantee:	Vinicius Massami Mikuni
Support Opportunities:	Scholarships in Brazil - Master

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