Gaia Data Release 2 Observations of solar system objects

Author(s):Show less -

Spoto, F. ^{[1, 2]} ; Tanga, P. ^[1] ; Mignard, F. ^[1] ; Berthier, J. ^[2] ; Carry, B. ^{[1, 2]} ; Cellino, A. ^[3] ; Dell'Oro, A. ^[4] ; Hestroffer, D. ^[2] ; Muinonen, K. ^{[5, 6]} ; Pauwels, T. ^[7] ; Petit, J. -M. ^[8] ; David, P. ^[2] ; De Angeli, F. ^[9] ; Delbo, M. ^[1] ; Frezouls, B. ^[10] ; Galluccio, L. ^[1] ; Granvik, M. ^{[11, 6]} ; Guiraud, J. ^[10] ; Hernandez, J. ^[12] ; Ordenovic, C. ^[1] ; Portell, J. ^[13] ; Poujoulet, E. ^[14] ; Thuillot, W. ^[2] ; Walmsley, G. ^[10] ; Brown, A. G. A. ^[15] ; Vallenari, A. ^[16] ; Prusti, T. ^[17] ; de Bruijne, J. H. J. ^[17] ; Babusiaux, C. ^{[18, 19]} ; Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. ^[20] ; Biermann, M. ^[21] ; Evans, D. W. ^[9] ; Eyer, L. ^[22] ; Jansen, F. ^[23] ; Jordi, C. ^[13] ; Klioner, S. A. ^[24] ; Lammers, U. ^[12] ; Lindegren, L. ^[25] ; Luri, X. ^[13] ; Panem, C. ^[10] ; Pourbaix, D. ^{[26, 27]} ; Randich, S. ^[4] ; Sartoretti, P. ^[19] ; Siddiqui, H. I. ^[28] ; Soubiran, C. ^[29] ; van Leeuwen, F. ^[9] ; Walton, N. A. ^[9] ; Arenou, F. ^[19] ; Bastian, U. ^[21] ; Cropper, M. ^[30] ; Drimmel, R. ^[3] ; Katz, D. ^[19] ; Lattanzi, M. G. ^[3] ; Bakker, J. ^[12] ; Cacciari, C. ^[31] ; Castaneda, J. ^[13] ; Chaoul, L. ^[10] ; Cheek, N. ^[32] ; Fabricius, C. ^[13] ; Guerra, R. ^[12] ; Holl, B. ^[22] ; Masana, E. ^[13] ; Messineo, R. ^[33] ; Mowlavi, N. ^[22] ; Nienartowicz, K. ^[34] ; Panuzzo, P. ^[19] ; Riello, M. ^[9] ; Seabroke, G. M. ^[30] ; Thevenin, F. ^[1] ; Gracia-Abril, G. ^{[35, 21]} ; Comoretto, G. ^[28] ; Garcia-Reinaldos, M. ^[12] ; Teyssier, D. ^[28] ; Altmann, M. ^{[21, 36]} ; Andrae, R. ^[20] ; Audard, M. ^[22] ; Bellas-Velidis, I. ^[37] ; Benson, K. ^[30] ; Blomme, R. ^[7] ; Burgess, P. ^[9] ; Busso, G. ^[9] ; Clementini, G. ^[31] ; Clotet, M. ^[13] ; Creevey, O. ^[1] ; Davidson, M. ^[38] ; De Ridder, J. ^[39] ; Delchambre, L. ^[40] ; Ducourant, C. ^[29] ; Fernandez-Hernandez, J. ^[41] ; Fouesneau, M. ^[20] ; Fremat, Y. ^[7] ; Garcia-Torres, M. ^[42] ; Gonzalez-Nunez, J. ^{[32, 43]} ; Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J. ^[13] ; Gosset, E. ^{[26, 40]} ; Guy, L. P. ^{[34, 44]} ; Halbwachs, J. -L. ^[45] ; Hambly, N. C. ^[38] ; Harrison, D. L. ^{[9, 46]} ; Hodgkin, S. T. ^[9] ; Hutton, A. ^[47] ; Jasniewicz, G. ^[48] ; Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A. ^[10] ; Jordan, S. ^[21] ; Korn, A. J. ^[49] ; Krone-Martins, A. ^[50] ; Lanzafame, A. C. ^{[51, 52]} ; Lebzelter, T. ^[53] ; Loeffler, W. ^[21] ; Manteiga, M. ^{[54, 55]} ; Marrese, P. M. ^{[56, 57]} ; Martin-Fleitas, J. M. ^[47] ; Moitinho, A. ^[50] ; Mora, A. ^[47] ; Osinde, J. ^[58] ; Pancino, E. ^{[4, 57]} ; Recio-Blanco, A. ^[1] ; Richards, P. J. ^[59] ; Rimoldini, L. ^[34] ; Robin, A. C. ^[8] ; Sarro, L. M. ^[60] ; Siopis, C. ^[27] ; Smith, M. ^[30] ; Sozzetti, A. ^[3] ; Sueveges, M. ^[20] ; Torra, J. ^[13] ; van Reeven, W. ^[47] ; Abbas, U. ^[3] ; Abreu Aramburu, A. ^[61] ; Accart, S. ^[62] ; Aerts, C. ^{[63, 39]} ; Altavilla, G. ^{[56, 57, 31]} ; Alvarez, M. A. ^[55] ; Alvarez, R. ^[12] ; Alves, J. ^[53] ; Anderson, R. I. ^{[22, 64]} ; Andrei, A. H. ^{[65, 66, 36]} ; Anglada Varela, E. ^[41] ; Antiche, E. ^[13] ; Antoja, T. ^{[17, 13]} ; Arcay, B. ^[55] ; Astraatmadja, T. L. ^{[20, 67]} ; Bach, N. ^[47] ; Baker, S. G. ^[30] ; Balaguer-Nunez, L. ^[13] ; Balm, P. ^[28] ; Barache, C. ^[36] ; Barata, C. ^[50] ; Barbato, D. ^{[68, 3]} ; Barblan, F. ^[22] ; Barklem, P. S. ^[49] ; Barrado, D. ^[69] ; Barros, M. ^[50] ; Barstow, M. A. ^{[70, 71]} ; Bartholome Munoz, S. ^[13] ; Bassilana, J. -L. ^[62] ; Becciani, U. ^[51] ; Bellazzini, M. ^[31] ; Berihuete, A. ^[72] ; Bertone, S. ^{[73, 3, 36]} ; Bianchi, L. ^[74] ; Bienayme, O. ^[45] ; Blanco-Cuaresma, S. ^{[75, 22, 29]} ; Boch, T. ^[45] ; Boeche, C. ^[16] ; Bombrun, A. ^[76] ; Borrachero, R. ^[13] ; Bossini, D. ^[16] ; Bouquillon, S. ^[36] ; Bourda, G. ^[29] ; Bragaglia, A. ^[31] ; Bramante, L. ^[33] ; Breddels, M. A. ^[77] ; Bressan, A. ^[78] ; Brouillet, N. ^[29] ; Bruesemeister, T. ^[21] ; Brugaletta, E. ^[51] ; Bucciarelli, B. ^[3] ; Burlacu, A. ^[10] ; Busonero, D. ^[3] ; Butkevich, A. G. ^[24] ; Buzzi, R. ^[3] ; Caffau, E. ^[19] ; Cancelliere, R. ^[79] ; Cannizzaro, G. ^{[63, 80]} ; Cantat-Gaudin, T. ^{[16, 13]} ; Carballo, R. ^[81] ; Carlucci, T. ^[36] ; Carrasco, J. M. ^[13] ; Casamiquela, L. ^[13] ; Castellani, M. ^[56] ; Castro-Ginard, A. ^[13] ; Charlot, P. ^[29] ; Chemin, L. ^[82] ; Chiavassa, A. ^[1] ; Cocozza, G. ^[31] ; Costigan, G. ^[15] ; Cowell, S. ^[9] ; Crifo, F. ^[19] ; Crosta, M. ^[3] ; Crowley, C. ^[76] ; Cuypers, J. ^[7] ; Dafonte, C. ^[55] ; Damerdji, Y. ^{[40, 83]} ; Dapergolas, A. ^[37] ; David, M. ^[84] ; de Laverny, P. ^[1] ; De Luise, F. ^[85] ; De March, R. ^[33] ; de Souza, R. ^[86] ; de Torres, A. ^[76] ; Debosscher, J. ^[39] ; del Pozo, E. ^[47] ; Delgado, A. ^[9] ; Delgado, H. E. ^[60] ; Diakite, S. ^[8] ; Diener, C. ^[9] ; Distefano, E. ^[51] ; Dolding, C. ^[30] ; Drazinos, P. ^[87] ; Duran, J. ^[58] ; Edvardsson, B. ^[49] ; Enke, H. ^[88] ; Eriksson, K. ^[49] ; Esquej, P. ^[89] ; Bontemps, G. Eynard ^[10] ; Fabre, C. ^[90] ; Fabrizio, M. ^{[56, 57]} ; Faigler, S. ^[91] ; Falcao, A. J. ^[92] ; Farras Casas, M. ^[13] ; Federici, L. ^[31] ; Fedorets, G. ^[6] ; Fernique, P. ^[45] ; Figueras, F. ^[13] ; Filippi, F. ^[33] ; Findeisen, K. ^[19] ; Fonti, A. ^[33] ; Fraile, E. ^[89] ; Fraser, M. ^{[9, 93]} ; Gai, M. ^[3] ; Galleti, S. ^[31] ; Garabato, D. ^[55] ; Garcia-Sedano, F. ^[60] ; Garofalo, A. ^{[94, 31]} ; Garralda, N. ^[13] ; Gavel, A. ^[49] ; Gavras, P. ^{[37, 87, 19]} ; Gerssen, J. ^[88] ; Geyer, R. ^[24] ; Giacobbe, P. ^[3] ; Gilmore, G. ^[9] ; Girona, S. ^[95] ; Giuffrida, G. ^{[56, 57]} ; Glass, F. ^[22] ; Gomes, M. ^[50] ; Gueguen, A. ^{[19, 96]} ; Guerrier, A. ^[62] ; Gutierrez-Sanchez, R. ^[28] ; Haigron, R. ^[19] ; Hatzidimitriou, D. ^{[37, 87]} ; Hauser, M. ^{[20, 21]} ; Haywood, M. ^[19] ; Heiter, U. ^[49] ; Helmi, A. ^[77] ; Heu, J. ^[19] ; Hilger, T. ^[24] ; Hobbs, D. ^[25] ; Hofmann, W. ^[21] ; Holland, G. ^[9] ; Huckle, H. E. ^[30] ; Hypki, A. ^{[15, 97]} ; Icardi, V. ^[33] ; Janssen, K. ^[88] ; de Fombelle, G. Jevardat ^[34] ; Jonker, P. G. ^{[63, 80]} ; Juhasz, A. L. ^{[98, 99]} ; Julbe, F. ^[13] ; Karampelas, A. ^{[87, 100]} ; Kewley, A. ^[9] ; Klar, J. ^[88] ; Kochoska, A. ^{[101, 102]} ; Kohley, R. ^[12] ; Kolenberg, K. ^{[75, 39, 103]} ; Kontizas, M. ^[87] ; Kontizas, E. ^[37] ; Koposov, S. E. ^{[9, 104]} ; Kordopatis, G. ^[1] ; Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z. ^{[63, 80]} ; Koubsky, P. ^[105] ; Lambert, S. ^[36] ; Lanza, A. F. ^[51] ; Lasne, Y. ^[62] ; Lavigne, J. -B. ^[62] ; Le Fustec, Y. ^[106] ; Le Poncin-Lafitte, C. ^[36] ; Lebreton, Y. ^{[107, 19]} ; Leccia, S. ^[108] ; Leclerc, N. ^[19] ; Lecoeur-Taibi, I. ^[34] ; Lenhardt, H. ^[21] ; Leroux, F. ^[62] ; Liao, S. ^{[109, 110, 3]} ; Licata, E. ^[74] ; Lindstrom, H. E. P. ^{[111, 112]} ; Lister, T. A. ^[113] ; Livanou, E. ^[87] ; Lobel, A. ^[7] ; Lopez, M. ^[69] ; Managau, S. ^[62] ; Mann, R. G. ^[38] ; Mantelet, G. ^[21] ; Marchal, O. ^[19] ; Marchant, J. M. ^[114] ; Marconi, M. ^[108] ; Marinoni, S. ^{[56, 57]} ; Marschalko, G. ^{[98, 115]} ; Marshall, D. J. ^[116] ; Martino, M. ^[33] ; Marton, G. ^[98] ; Mary, N. ^[62] ; Massari, D. ^[77] ; Matijevic, G. ^[88] ; Mazeh, T. ^[91] ; McMillan, P. J. ^[25] ; Messina, S. ^[51] ; Michalik, D. ^[25] ; Millar, N. R. ^[9] ; Molina, D. ^[13] ; Molinaro, R. ^[108] ; Molnar, L. ^[98] ; Montegriffo, P. ^[31] ; Mor, R. ^[13] ; Morbidelli, R. ^[3] ; Morel, T. ^[40] ; Morris, D. ^[38] ; Mulone, A. F. ^[33] ; Muraveva, T. ^[31] ; Musella, I. ^[108] ; Nelemans, G. ^{[63, 39]} ; Nicastro, L. ^[31] ; Noval, L. ^[62] ; O'Mullane, W. ^{[12, 44]} ; Ordonez-Blanco, D. ^[34] ; Osborne, P. ^[9] ; Pagani, C. ^{[70, 71]} ; Pagano, I. ^[51] ; Pailler, F. ^[10] ; Palacin, H. ^[62] ; Palaversa, L. ^{[9, 22]} ; Panahi, A. ^[91] ; Pawlak, M. ^{[117, 118]} ; Piersimoni, A. M. ^[85] ; Pineau, F. -X. ^[45] ; Plachy, E. ^[98] ; Plum, G. ^[19] ; Poggio, E. ^{[68, 3]} ; Prsa, A. ^[102] ; Pulone, L. ^[56] ; Racero, E. ^[32] ; Ragaini, S. ^[31] ; Rambaux, N. ^[2] ; Ramos-Lerate, M. ^[119] ; Regibo, S. ^[39] ; Reyle, C. ^[8] ; Riclet, F. ^[10] ; Ripepi, V. ^[108] ; Riva, A. ^[3] ; Rivard, A. ^[62] ; Rixon, G. ^[9] ; Roegiers, T. ^[120] ; Roelens, M. ^[22] ; Romero-Gomez, M. ^[13] ; Rowell, N. ^[38] ; Royer, F. ^[19] ; Ruiz-Dern, L. ^[19] ; Sadowski, G. ^[27] ; Selles, T. Sagrista ^[21] ; Sahlmann, J. ^{[12, 121]} ; Salgado, J. ^[122] ; Salguero, E. ^[41] ; Sanna, N. ^[4] ; Santana-Ros, T. ^[97] ; Sarasso, M. ^[3] ; Savietto, H. ^[123] ; Schultheis, M. ^[1] ; Sciacca, E. ^[51] ; Segol, M. ^[124] ; Segovia, J. C. ^[32] ; Segransan, D. ^[22] ; Shih, I-C. ^[19] ; Siltala, L. ^{[6, 125]} ; Silva, A. F. ^[50] ; Smart, R. L. ^[3] ; Smith, K. W. ^[20] ; Solano, E. ^{[126, 69]} ; Solitro, F. ^[33] ; Sordo, R. ^[16] ; Soria Nieto, S. ^[13] ; Souchay, J. ^[36] ; Spagna, A. ^[3] ; Stampa, U. ^[21] ; Steele, I. A. ^[114] ; Steidelmueller, H. ^[24] ; Stephenson, C. A. ^[28] ; Stoev, H. ^[127] ; Suess, F. F. ^[9] ; Surdej, J. ^[40] ; Szabados, L. ^[98] ; Szegedi-Elek, E. ^[98] ; Tapiador, D. ^{[128, 129]} ; Taris, F. ^[36] ; Tauran, G. ^[62] ; Taylor, M. B. ^[130] ; Teixeira, R. ^[86] ; Terrett, D. ^[59] ; Teyssandier, P. ^[36] ; Titarenko, A. ^[1] ; Torra Clotet, F. ^[131] ; Turon, C. ^[19] ; Ulla, A. ^[132] ; Utrilla, E. ^[47] ; Uzzi, S. ^[33] ; Vaillant, M. ^[62] ; Valentini, G. ^[85] ; Valette, V. ^[10] ; van Elteren, A. ^[15] ; Van Hemelryck, E. ^[7] ; van Leeuwen, M. ^[9] ; Vaschetto, M. ^[33] ; Vecchiato, A. ^[3] ; Veljanoski, J. ^[77] ; Viala, Y. ^[19] ; Vicente, D. ^[95] ; Vogt, S. ^[120] ; von Essen, C. ^[133] ; Voss, H. ^[13] ; Votruba, V. ^[105] ; Voutsinas, S. ^[38] ; Weiler, M. ^[13] ; Wertz, O. ^[134] ; Wevers, T. ^{[63, 9]} ; Wyrzykowski, L. ^{[9, 118]} ; Yoldas, A. ^[9] ; Zerjal, M. ^{[135, 101]} ; Ziaeepour, H. ^[8] ; Zorec, J. ^{[136, 137]} ; Zschocke, S. ^[24] ; Zucker, S. ^[138] ; Zurbach, C. ^[48] ; Zwitter, T. ^[101] ; Collaboration, Gaia

Affiliation:Show less -

^[1] Univ Cote Azur, Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, Lab Lagrange, Bd Observ, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice 4 - France

^[2] Univ Lille, Sorbonne Univ, IMCCE, Observ Paris, Univ PSL, 77 Av Denfert Rochereau, F-75014 Paris - France

^[3] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO - Italy

^[4] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence - Italy

^[5] Finnish Geospatial Res Inst FGI, Geodeetinrinne 2, Masala 02430 - Finland

^[6] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, 00014 Helsinki - Finland

^[7] Royal Observ Belgium, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Brussels - Belgium

^[8] Univ Bourgogne Franche Comte, Inst UTINAM UMR6213, CNRS, OSU THETA Franche Comte Bourgogne, F-25000 Besancon - France

^[9] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA - England

^[10] CNES Ctr Spatial Toulouse, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 9 - France

^[11] Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Comp Sci Elect & Space Engn, Box 848, S-98128 Kiruna - Sweden

^[12] European Space Astron Ctr ESA ESAC, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[13] Univ Barcelona, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, IEEC UB, Marti & Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona - Spain

^[14] AKKA CNES Ctr Spatial Toulouse, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-9 Toulouse - France

^[15] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden - Netherlands

^[16] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua - Italy

^[17] European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA ESTEC, Sci Support Off, Directorate Sci, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201AZ Noordwijk - Netherlands

^[18] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble - France

^[19] Univ PSL, CNRS, GEPI, Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon - France

^[20] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg - Germany

^[21] Heidelberg Univ, Astron Rechen Inst, Zentrum Astron, Monchhofstr 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg - Germany

^[22] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Chemin Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Versoix - Switzerland

^[23] European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA ESTEC, Mission Operat Div, Operat Dept, Directorate Sci, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, 2201 - Netherlands

^[24] Tech Univ Dresden, Lohrmann Observ, Mommsenstr 13, D-01062 Dresden - Germany

^[25] Lund Univ, Dept Astron & Theoret Phys, Lund Observ, Box 43, S-22100 Lund - Sweden

^[26] FRS FNRS, Rue Egmont 5, B-1000 Brussels - Belgium

^[27] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Inst Astron & dAstrophys, CP 226, Blvd Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels - Belgium

^[28] Telespazio Vega UK Ltd ESA ESAC, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[29] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, B18N Allee Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac - France

^[30] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey - England

^[31] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis & Sci Spazio Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93-3, I-40129 Bologna - Italy

^[32] Serco Gest Negocios ESA ESAC, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[33] ALTEC Spa, Corso Marche 79, I-10146 Turin - Italy

^[34] Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Chemin Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix - Switzerland

^[35] ESAC, Gaia DPAC Project Off, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[36] Sorbonne Univ, SYRTE, Observ Paris, Univ PSL, CNRS, LNE, 61 Ave Observ, F-75014 Paris - France

^[37] Natl Observ Athens, Athens 15236 - Greece

^[38] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Royal Observ, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian - Scotland

^[39] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven - Belgium

^[40] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, 19c Allee 6 Aout, B-4000 Liege - Belgium

^[41] ATG Europe ESA ESAC, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[42] Univ Pablo Olavide, Area Lenguajes & Sistemas Informat, Ctra Utrera Km 1, Seville 41013 - Spain

^[43] Univ Vigo, ETSE Telecomun, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Galicia - Spain

^[44] Large Synopt Survey Telescope, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 - USA

^[45] Univ Strasbourg, Observ Astron Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550, 11 Rue Univ, F-67000 Strasbourg - France

^[46] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Madingley Rd, Cambride - England

^[47] Aurora Technol ESA ESAC, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[48] Univ Montpellier, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, Pl Eugene Bataillon, CC72, F-34095 Montpellier 05 - France

^[49] Uppsala Univ, Div Astron & Space Phys, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala - Sweden

^[50] Univ Lisbon, CENTRA, FCUL, Edif C8, P-1749016 Lisbon - Portugal

^[51] INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico Catania, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania - Italy

^[52] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Sez Astrofi, Via S Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania - Italy

^[53] Univ Vienna, Dept Astrophys, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna - Austria

^[54] Univ A Coruna, CITIC Astron & Astrophys, Campus Elvina S-N, La Coruna 15071 - Spain

^[55] Univ A Coruna, CITIC Dept Comp Sci, Campus Elvina S-N, La Coruna 15071 - Spain

^[56] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00078 Rome - Italy

^[57] Space Sci Data Ctr ASI, Via Politecn SNC, I-00133 Rome - Italy

^[58] Isdefe ESA ESAC, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[59] STFC, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Harwell OX11 0QX, Berks - England

^[60] UNED, Dpto Inteligencia Artificial, C Juan Rosal 6, Madrid 28040 - Spain

^[61] Elecnor Deimos Space ESA ESAC, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[62] Thales Serv CNES Ctr Spatial Toulouse, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 9 - France

^[63] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys IMAPP, POB 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen - Netherlands

^[64] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching - Germany

^[65] OV UFRJ BR, Ladeira Pedro Antonio 43, BR-20080090 Rio De Janeiro, RJ - Brazil

^[66] ON MCTI BR, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro - Brazil

^[67] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 - USA

^[68] Univ Torino, Dipartimento Fis, Via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Turin - Italy

^[69] ESA ESAC, Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Dept Astrofis, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[70] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics - England

^[71] Univ Leicester, Leicester Inst Space & Earth Observat, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics - England

^[72] Univ Cadiz, Dept Estadist, Calle Republ Arabe Saharawi S-N, Cadiz 11510 - Spain

^[73] Bern Univ, Astron Inst, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern - Switzerland

^[74] EURIX Srl, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II 61, I-10128 Turin - Italy

^[75] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 - USA

^[76] HE Space Operat BV ESA ESAC, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[77] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, Landleven 12, NL-9747 AD Groningen - Netherlands

^[78] SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste - Italy

^[79] Univ Turin, Dept Comp Sci, Corso Svizzera 185, I-10149 Turin - Italy

^[80] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht - Netherlands

^[81] Univ Cantabria, Dpto Matemat Aplicada & Ciencias Computac, Avda Castros S-N, Santander - Spain

^[82] Univ Antofagasta, Unidad Astron, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1270300 - Chile

^[83] CRAAG, Route Observ Bp 63, Algiers 16340 - Algeria

^[84] Univ Antwerp, Onderzoeksgrp Toegepaste Wiskunde, Middelheimlaan 1, B-2020 Antwerp - Belgium

^[85] INAF Osservatorio Astron Abruzzo, Via Mentore Maggini, I-64100 Teramo - Italy

^[86] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, Rua Matao 1226, Cidade Univ, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[87] Univ Athens, Dept Astrophys Astron & Mech, Athens 15783 - Greece

^[88] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam - Germany

^[89] RHEA ESA ESAC, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[90] ATOS CNES Ctr Spatial Toulouse, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 9 - France

^[91] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-6997801 Tel Aviv - Israel

^[92] UNINOVA CTS, Campus FCT UNL, P-2829516 Caparica - Portugal

^[93] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, OBrien Ctr Sci North, Dublin 4 - Ireland

^[94] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Via Piero Gobetti 93-2, I-40129 Bologna - Italy

^[95] Ctr Nacl Supercomputac, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, C Jordi Girona 29, Ed. Nexus 2, Barcelona 08034 - Spain

^[96] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, High Energy Grp, Giessenbachstr, D-85741 Garching - Germany

^[97] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Astron Observ Inst, Fac Phys, Sloneczna 36, PL-60286 Poznan - Poland

^[98] Hungarian Acad Sci, Konkoly Observ, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Konkoly Thege Miklos Ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest - Hungary

^[99] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Egyetem Ter 1-3, H-1053 Budapest - Hungary

^[100] Amer Community Sch Athens, 129 Aghias Paraskevis Ave & Kazantzaki St, Athens 15234 - Greece

^[101] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Math & Phys, Jadranska Ulica 19, Ljubljana 1000 - Slovenia

^[102] Villanova Univ, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085 - USA

^[103] Univ Antwerp, Phys Dept, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp - Belgium

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^[105] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Astron Inst, Fricova 298, Ondrejov 25165 - Czech Republic

^[106] Telespazio CNES Ctr Spatial Toulouse, 18 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31401 Toulouse 9 - France

^[107] Univ Rennes 1, Inst Phys Rennes, F-35042 Rennes - France

^[108] INAF Osservatorio Astron Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, I-80131 Naples - Italy

^[109] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, 80 Nandan Rd, Shanghai 200030 - Peoples R China

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^[112] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O - Denmark

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^[114] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, Merseyside - England

^[115] Univ Szeged, Baja Observ, Szegedi Ut III-70, H-6500 Baja - Hungary

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^[119] Vitrociset Belgium ESA ESAC, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, Madrid 28692 - Spain

^[120] HE Space Operat BV ESA ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk - Netherlands

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^[126] Spanish Virtual Observ, Madrid - Spain

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^[130] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon - England

^[131] IEEC, Gran Capita 2-4, Barcelona 08034 - Spain

^[132] Univ Vigo, Appl Phys Dept, Vigo 36310 - Spain

^[133] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Stellar Astrophys Ctr, 120 Ny Munkegade, Bldg 1520, DK-8000 Aarhus C - Denmark

^[134] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, Hugel 71, D-53121 Bonn - Germany

^[135] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 2611 - Australia

^[136] CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, 98 Bis Bd, F-75014 Paris - France

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^[138] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geosci, IL-6997801 Tel Aviv - Israel

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Astronomy & Astrophysics; v. 616, AUG 10 2018.
• Web of Science Citations: 18

Abstract

Context. The Gaia spacecraft of the European Space Agency (ESA) has been securing observations of solar system objects (SSOs) since the beginning of its operations. Data Release 2 (DR2) contains the observations of a selected sample of 14,099 SSOs. These asteroids have been already identified and have been numbered by the Minor Planet Center repository. Positions are provided for each Gaia observation at CCD level. As additional information, complementary to astrometry, the apparent brightness of SSOs in the unfiltered G band is also provided for selected observations. Aims. We explain the processing of SSO data, and describe the criteria we used to select the sample published in Gaia DR2. We then explore the data set to assess its quality. Methods. To exploit the main data product for the solar system in Gaia DR2, which is the epoch astrometry of asteroids, it is necessary to take into account the unusual properties of the uncertainty, as the position information is nearly one-dimensional. When this aspect is handled appropriately, an orbit fit can be obtained with post-fit residuals that are overall consistent with the a-priori error model that was used to define individual values of the astrometric uncertainty. The role of both random and systematic errors is described. The distribution of residuals allowed us to identify possible contaminants in the data set (such as stars). Photometry in the G band was compared to computed values from reference asteroid shapes and to the flux registered at the corresponding epochs by the red and blue photometers (RP and BP). Results. The overall astrometric performance is close to the expectations, with an optimal range of brightness G similar to 12 - 17. In this range, the typical transit-level accuracy is well below 1 mas. For fainter asteroids, the growing photon noise deteriorates the performance. Asteroids brighter than G similar to 12 are affected by a lower performance of the processing of their signals. The dramatic improvement brought by Gaia DR2 astrometry of SSOs is demonstrated by comparisons to the archive data and by preliminary tests on the detection of subtle non-gravitational effects. (AU)