Sodium ion removal by hydrated vanadyl phosphate for electrochemical water desalination supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c8ta10087j

Author(s)

Lee, Juhan ^{[1, 2]} ; Srimuk, Pattarachai ^{[1, 2]} ; Zwingelstein, Rose ^{[1, 2]} ; Zornitta, Rafael Linzmeyer ^{[3, 1]} ; Choi, Jaehoon ^{[1, 4]} ; Kim, Choonsoo ^[1] ; Presser, Volker ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] INM Leibniz Inst New Mat, Campus D2 2, D-66123 Saarbrucken - Germany

^[2] Saarland Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Campus D2 2, D-66123 Saarbrucken - Germany

^[3] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Chem Engn, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP - Brazil

^[4] Korea Univ Technol & Educ, Sch Energy Mat & Chem Engn, Chungjeol Ro 1600, Cheonan 31253 - South Korea

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A; v. 7, n. 8, p. 4175-4184, FEB 28 2019.
• Web of Science Citations: 6

Abstract

In recent years, electrochemical water desalination with battery electrode materials has emerged as a promising solution for energy-efficient salt-water desalination. Here, we report the promising desalination performance of a hydrothermally synthesized vanadyl phosphate material (mixed phases of sodium vanadyl phosphate dehydrate and vanadyl hydrogen phosphate hemihydrate) as a new electrode material. We observed robust stability of the synthesized electrode material over 280 cycles during desalination operation for 100 mM NaCl feedwater which was continuously flowing along the electrode material. During the first 100 cycles, the charge storage capacity was enhanced by 47%. This enhancement seems to be caused by a continuous conversion to vanadyl phosphate monohydrate from initial phases according to the post-mortem analysis by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The maximum sodium uptake capacity of the vanadyl phosphate electrode was 24.3 mg g(-1) with charge efficiency of around 85%. We found no detectable level of contamination by phosphor nor vanadium from the treated water stream indicating that our synthesized electrode is also environmentally safe for water desalination applications. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/24684-4 - Development of activated carbon from lignin as electrode for capacitive deionization of multicomponent solutions
• Grantee: Rafael Linzmeyer Zornitta
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 15/26593-3 - Desalination using capacitive deionization: development of new electrodes and process optimization
• Grantee: Rafael Linzmeyer Zornitta
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate