Expression of the NEK family in normal and cancer tissue: an immunohistochemical study

Author(s)

Melo-Hanchuk, Talita Diniz ^[1] ; Martins, Mariana Bonjiorno ^[1] ; Cunha, Lucas Leite ^[2] ; Soares, Fernando Augusto ^[3] ; Ward, Laura Sterian ^[2] ; Vassallo, Jose ^[4] ; Kobarg, Jorg ^{[1, 5]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Bioquim & Biol Tecidual, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Ciencias Med, Lab Genet Mol Canc, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[3] AC Camargo Canc Ctr, Dept Patol, Sao Paulo, SP - Brazil

^[4] Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Ciencias Med, Dept Anat Patol, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[5] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Inst Biol, Dept Bioquim & Biol Tecidual, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: BMC CANCER; v. 20, n. 1 JAN 6 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

BackgroundThe NEK serine/threonine protein kinases are involved in cell cycle checkpoints, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. Alterations in these pathways are frequently associated with cell malignant cellular transformations. Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumour in the endocrine system. Despite good treatment methods, the number of cases has increased significantly in recent years. Here, we studied the expression of NEK1, NEK2, NEK3, and NEK5 in different types of normal and malignant tissues, using tissue microarray analysis, and identified NEKs as potential markers in thyroid malignancy.MethodsThe studied cases comprised multiple cancer tissue microarrays, including breast, colon, esophagus, kidney, lung, pancreas, prostate, stomach, thyroid and uterine cervix, as well as 281 patients who underwent thyroid resection for thyroid cancer or thyroid nodules. The expression of NEK1, NEK2, NEK3, and NEK5 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression pattern was evaluated in terms of intensity by two methods, semiquantitative and quantitative, and was compared between normal and cancer tissue.ResultsWe analysed the expression of each member of the NEK family in a tissue-dependent manner. Compared to normal tissue, most of the evaluated proteins showed lower expression in lung tumour. However, in the thyroid, the expression was higher in malignant tissue, especially for NEK 1, NEK3 and NEK5. Concerning characteristics of the thyroid tumour, such as aggressiveness, NEK1 expression was higher in tumours with multifocality and in patients with lymph node metastasis. NEK3 expression was stronger in patients with stage II, that involved metastasis. NEK5, on the other hand, showed high expression in patients with invasion and metastasis and in patients with tumour size >4cm. Furthermore, this work, demonstrated for the first time a high specificity and sensitivity of over-expression of NEK1 in classical and follicular variants of papillary thyroid cancer and NEK3 in tall-cell papillary thyroid cancer.ConclusionTaken together, the NEK protein kinases emerge as important proteins in thyroid cancer development and may help to identify malignancy and aggressiveness features during diagnosis.Trial registrationThis study was retrospectively registered. www.accamargo.org.br/cientistas-pesquisadores/comite-de-etica-em-pequisa -cep. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/06458-4 - Functional characterization of regulatory proteins involved in DNA repair
• Grantee: Talita Diniz Melo Hanchuk
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral
• FAPESP's process: 17/03489-1 - From functional studies to searching for new inhibitors for cancer: exploring kinases that regulate the cell cycle of the human NEK family
• Grantee: Jörg Kobarg
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 16/02040-8 - FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF MUTATIONS IN NEK1 AND NEK7 IN CANCER AND IDENTIFICATION OF THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL SUBSTRATES
• Grantee: Mariana Bonjiorno Martins
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Post-Doctoral