Impact of cigarette smoke and aerobic physical training on histological and molecular markers of prostate health in rats

Author(s)

A.S.C. Veras ^[1] ; D.B. Baptista ^[2] ; N.J. dos Santos ^[3] ; H.H.A. Thorpe ^[4] ; P.M. Seraphim ^[5] ; A.R. Florido Neto ^[6] ; G.R. Teixeira

Affiliation

^[1] Universidade Estadual Paulista. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - Brasil

^[2] Universidade Estadual Paulista. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - Brasil

^[3] Universidade de Campinas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural - Brasil

^[4] Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph. Department of Biomedical Sciences - Canadá

^[5] Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias. Departamento de Fisioterapia - Brasil

^[6] Universidade de São Paulo. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia - Brasil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research; v. 53, n. 5 2020-04-17.

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that aerobic physical training may attenuate the deleterious effects of cancer risk factors, including smoking. We investigated the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation and aerobic physical training on the expression of steroid receptors and inflammatory and apoptotic proteins in the prostate. Forty male Wistar rats were distributed in four groups: control (CO), exercise (EXE), cigarette smoke exposure (CS), and cigarette smoke exposure with exercise (CS+EXE). For eight weeks, animals were repeatedly exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 min or performed aerobic physical training either with or without the cigarette smoke inhalation protocol. Following these experiments, we analyzed prostate epithelial morphology and prostatic expression of androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) via immunohistochemistry. Cigarette smoke exposure stimulated the expression of AR, IGF-1, BCL-2, and NF-κB while downregulating BAX, IL-6, and TNF-α labeling in the prostate. In contrast, aerobic physical training attenuated cigarette smoke-induced changes in AR, GR, IGF-1, BCL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB. This suggests that cigarette smoke stimulates inflammation and reduces apoptosis, culminating in increased prostatic epithelial and extracellular matrices, whereas physical training promoted beneficial effects towards maintaining normal prostate morphology and protein levels. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/08593-0 - Influence of smoking, alcoholism and aerobic training in the rat prostate: histopathologic analysis and molecular
• Grantee: Nilton José dos Santos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation