On the (in)efficacy of motor imagery training without feedback and event-related desynchronizations considerations

Author(s)

Stefano Filho, C. A. ^{[1, 2]} ; Costa, T. B. S. ^{[1, 3]} ; Uribe, L. F. ^{[1, 3]} ; Rodrigues, P. G. ^{[4, 1]} ; Soriano, D. C. ^{[4, 1]} ; Attux, R. ^{[1, 3]} ; Castellano, G. ^{[1, 2]}

Affiliation

^[1] Brazilian Inst Neurosci & Neurotechnol BRAIN, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[2] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Neurophys Grp, Gleb Wataghin Phys Inst, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Lab Signal Proc Commun, Sch Elect & Computat Engn, Campinas, SP - Brazil

^[4] Fed Univ ABC UFABC, Engn Modeling & Appl Social Sci Ctr CECS, Santo Andre, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS & ENGINEERING EXPRESS; v. 6, n. 3 MAY 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 1

Abstract

Motor imagery (MI) constitutes a recurrent strategy for signals generation in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) - systems that aim to control external devices by directly associating brain responses to distinct commands. Although great improvement has been achieved in MI-BCIs performance over recent years, they still suffer from inter- and intra-subject variability issues. As an attempt to cope with this, some studies have suggested that MI training should aid users to appropriately modulate their response for BCI usage: generally, this training is performed based on the sensorimotor rhythms' modulation over the primary sensorimotor cortex (PMC), with the signal being feedbacked to the user. Nonetheless, recent studies have revisited the actual involvement of the PMC into MI, and little to no attention has been devoted to understanding the participation of other cortical areas into training protocols. Therefore, in this work, our aim was to analyze the response induced by hands MI of 10 healthy subjects in the form of event-related desynchronizations (ERDs) and to assess whether features from beyond the PMC might be useful for hands MI classification. We investigated how this response occurs for distinct frequency intervals between 7-30 Hz, and ex0plored changes in their evocation pattern across 12 MI training sessions without feedback. Overall, we found that ERD patterns occur differently for the frequencies encompassed by the mu and beta bands, with its evocation being favored for the first band. Over time, the no-feedback approach was inefficient to aid in enhancing ERD evocation (EO). Moreover, to some extent, EO tends to decrease over blocks within a given run, and runs within an MI session, but remains stable within an MI block. We also found that the C3/C4 pair is not necessarily optimal for data classification, and both spectral and spatial subjects' specificities should be considered when designing training protocols. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/22116-9 - Investigation of the neurofeedback technique using MRI
• Grantee: Carlos Alberto Stefano Filho
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 17/10341-0 - Investigation of the neurofeedback technique using MRI
• Grantee: Carlos Alberto Stefano Filho
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 19/09512-0 - Nonlinear dynamic functional connectivity analysis via recurrence quantification and its application to brain computer-interfaces
• Grantee: Diogo Coutinho Soriano
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research
• FAPESP's process: 13/07559-3 - BRAINN - The Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology
• Grantee: Fernando Cendes
• Support Opportunities: Research Grants - Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers - RIDC