The World of Cyclic Dinucleotides in Bacterial Behavior

Author(s)

Aline Dias da, Purificacao ^[1] ; Nathalia Marins de, Azevedo ^[1] ; Gabriel Guarany de, Araujo ^[1] ; Robson Francisco de, Souza ^[1] ; Rodrigues, Guzzo Cristiane ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol, BR-01000000 Sao Paulo - Brazil

• Document type: Review article
• Source: Molecules; v. 25, n. 10 MAY 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

The regulation of multiple bacterial phenotypes was found to depend on different cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) that constitute intracellular signaling second messenger systems. Most notably, c-di-GMP, along with proteins related to its synthesis, sensing, and degradation, was identified as playing a central role in the switching from biofilm to planktonic modes of growth. Recently, this research topic has been under expansion, with the discoveries of new CDNs, novel classes of CDN receptors, and the numerous functions regulated by these molecules. In this review, we comprehensively describe the three main bacterial enzymes involved in the synthesis of c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, and cGAMP focusing on description of their three-dimensional structures and their structural similarities with other protein families, as well as the essential residues for catalysis. The diversity of CDN receptors is described in detail along with the residues important for the interaction with the ligand. Interestingly, genomic data strongly suggest that there is a tendency for bacterial cells to use both c-di-AMP and c-di-GMP signaling networks simultaneously, raising the question of whether there is crosstalk between different signaling systems. In summary, the large amount of sequence and structural data available allows a broad view of the complexity and the importance of these CDNs in the regulation of different bacterial behaviors. Nevertheless, how cells coordinate the different CDN signaling networks to ensure adaptation to changing environmental conditions is still open for much further exploration. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/21076-9 - Structure of the Xanthomonas citri type IV pilus secretin
• Grantee: Gabriel Guarany de Araujo
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 16/08414-7 - Study of type II secretion system and the molecular bases involved c-di-GMP signaling on Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni
• Grantee: Cristiane Rodrigues Guzzo Carvalho
• Support type: Regular Research Grants
• FAPESP's process: 17/10611-8 - Study of c-di-GMP signalling mechanism in Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni by LIC_11129
• Grantee: Aline Dias da Purificação
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 18/08996-1 - Cloning and optmization of the expression conditions of LIC_11299 to LIC_11302 genic cluster
• Grantee: Nathalia Marins de Azevedo
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 19/00195-2 - Understanding the c-di-GMP signaling networks and the Type II secretion system present into the human pathogen Leptospira interrogans Copenhageni
• Grantee: Cristiane Rodrigues Guzzo Carvalho
• Support type: Regular Research Grants