Gemfibrozil Induces Anemia, Leukopenia and Reduces Hematopoietic Stem Cells via PPAR-alpha in Mice

Author(s)

Estrela, Gabriel Rufino ^{[1, 2]} ; Arruda, Adriano Cleis ^{[3, 1]} ; Vieira Torquato, Heron Fernandes ^{[4, 5]} ; Freitas-Lima, Leandro Ceotto ^[3] ; Perilhao, Mauro Sergio ^{[3, 1]} ; Wasinski, Frederick ^[6] ; Budu, Alexandre ^[3] ; Fock, Ricardo Ambrosio ^[7] ; Paredes-Gamero, Edgar Julian ^{[4, 8]} ; Araujo, Ronaldo Carvalho ^{[3, 1]}

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Med, Discipline Nephrol, BR-04039032 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[2] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Clin & Expt Oncol, Discipline Hematol & Hematotherapy, BR-04037002 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[3] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biophys, BR-04039032 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[4] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biochem, BR-04044020 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[5] Univ Ctr Braz Cubas, Fac Pharm, BR-08773380 Mogi Das Cruzes, SP - Brazil

^[6] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Physiol, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[7] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Clin & Toxicol Anal, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo - Brazil

^[8] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Fac Pharmaceut Sci Food & Nutr, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES; v. 21, n. 14 JUL 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia, also called high cholesterol, is a form of hyperlipidemia, which may be a consequence of diet, obesity or diabetes. In addition, increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Thus, controlling cholesterol levels is commonly necessary, and fibrates have been used as lipid-lowering drugs. Gemfibrozil is a fibrate that acts via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha to promote changes in lipid metabolism and decrease serum triglyceride levels. However, anemia and leukopenia are known side effects of gemfibrozil. Considering that gemfibrozil may lead to anemia and that gemfibrozil acts via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, we treated wild-type and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-knockout mice with gemfibrozil for four consecutive days. Gemfibrozil treatment led to anemia seven days after the first administration of the drug; we found reduced levels of hemoglobin, as well as red blood cells, white blood cells and a reduced percentage of hematocrits. PPAR-alpha-knockout mice were capable of reversing all of those reduced parameters induced by gemfibrozil treatment. Erythropoietin levels were increased in the serum of gemfibrozil-treated animals, and we also observed an increased expression ofhypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha(HIF-2 alpha) anderythropoietinin renal tissue, while PPAR-alpha knockout mice treated with gemfibrozil did not present increased levels of serum erythropoietin or tissue HIF-2 alpha and erythropoietin mRNA levels in the kidneys. We analyzed bone marrow and found that gemfibrozil reduced erythrocytes and hematopoietic stem cells in wild-type mice but not in PPAR-alpha-knockout mice, while increased colony-forming units were observed only in wild-type mice treated with gemfibrozil. Here, we show for the first time that gemfibrozil treatment leads to anemia and leukopenia via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in mice. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 15/20082-7 - Kallikrein kinin system in physical exercise and metabolism
• Grantee: Ronaldo de Carvalho Araújo
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants