Can Encapsulation of the Biocide DCOIT Affect the Anti-Fouling Efficacy and Toxicity on Tropical Bivalves?

Author(s)

Nicolau dos Santos, Juliana Vitoria ^[1] ; Martins, Roberto ^{[2, 3]} ; Fontes, Mayana Karoline ^[1] ; de Campos, Bruno Galvao ^[1] ; Silva, Mariana Bruni Marques do Prado E. ^[1] ; Maia, Frederico ^[4] ; de Souza Abessa, Denis Moledo ^[1] ; Perina, Fernando Cesar ^[1]

Affiliation

^[1] Univ Estadual Paulista, NEPEA Nucleo Estudos Poluicao & Ecotoxicol Aquat, Campus Litoral Paulista UNESP CLP, BR-11330900 Sao Vicente - Brazil

^[2] Univ Aveiro, Dept Biol, Campus Univ Santiago, P-3810193 Aveiro - Portugal

^[3] Univ Aveiro, CESAM Ctr Environm & Marine Studies, Campus Univ Santiago, P-3810193 Aveiro - Portugal

^[4] Smallmatek Small Mat & Technol Lda, Rua Canhas, P-3810075 Aveiro - Portugal

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL; v. 10, n. 23 DEC 2020.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Featured Application The present study can foster nanoecotoxicology research on tropical environments and can be also applied on the maritime industry. The encapsulation of the biocide DCOIT in mesoporous silica nanocapsules (SiNC) has been applied to reduce the leaching rate and the associated environmental impacts of coatings containing this biocide. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of DCOIT in both free and nanostructured forms (DCOIT vs. SiNC-DCOIT, respectively) and the unloaded SiNC on different life stages of the bivalve Perna perna: (a) gametes (fertilization success), (b) embryos (larval development), and (c) juveniles mussels (byssus threads production and air survival after 72 h of aqueous exposure). The effects on fertilization success showed high toxicity of DCOIT (40 min-EC50 = 0.063 mu g L-1), followed by SiNC-DCOIT (8.6 mu g L-1) and SiNC (161 mu g L-1). The estimated 48 h-EC50 of SiNC, DCOIT and SiNC-DCOIT on larval development were 39.8, 12.4 and 6.8 mu g L-1, respectively. The estimated 72 h-EC50 for byssus thread production were 96.1 and 305.5 mu g L-1, for free DCOIT and SiNC-DCOIT, respectively. Air survival was significantly reduced only for mussels exposed to free DCOIT. Compared to its free form, SiNC-DCOIT presented a balanced alternative between efficacy and toxicity, inhibiting efficiently the development of the target stage (larvae that is prone to settle) and satisfactorily preventing the juvenile attachment. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 18/25379-6 - Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) toxicity study over embryo stages of sea urchin Echinometra lucunter
• Grantee: Mariana Bruni Marques do Prado e Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Scientific Initiation
• FAPESP's process: 19/19898-3 - Trophic transfer assessment of the antifouling biocide DCOIT, in nano and non-nanostructured forms, in marine organisms
• Grantee: Bruno Galvão de Campos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships abroad - Research Internship - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 17/10211-0 - Ecotoxicological study of the anti-fouling biocide Sea-Nine in neotropical marine invertebrates.
• Grantee: Bruno Galvão de Campos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate
• FAPESP's process: 16/24033-3 - Ecotoxicological study and environmental risk assessment of cocaine in marine ecosystems
• Grantee: Mayana Karoline Fontes
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate