Improving Cytotoxicity Against Breast Cancer Cells by Using Mixed-Ligand Ruthenium(II) Complexes of 2,2'-Bipyridine, Amino Acid, and Nitric Oxide Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents

Author(s)

Gaspari, Ana P. S. ^{[1, 2]} ; da Silva, Roberto Santana ^{[3, 2]} ; Carneiro, Zumira A. ^{[3, 4]} ; de Carvalho, Marcelo Rodrigues ^[3] ; Carvalho, Ivone ^[3] ; Pernomian, Laena ^[3] ; Ferreira, Lucimara P. ^[5] ; Ramos, Loyanne C. B. ^[3] ; de Souza, Gabriel Aguiar ^[6] ; Formiga, Andre L. B. ^[6]

Affiliation

^[1] Inst Fed Parana IFPR, Ave Jose Felipe Tequinha 1400, BR-87703536 Paranavai, PR - Brazil

^[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Philosophy Sci & Letters Ribeirao Preto, Ave Bandeirantes 3900, BR-14049901 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[3] Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci Ribeirao Preto, Ave Cafe S-N, BR-14040903 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[4] Ctr Univ Estacio Ribeirao Preto, Rua Abraao Issa Halack 980, BR-14096160 Ribeirao Preto, SP - Brazil

^[5] Univ Estadual Minas Gerais UEMG, Ave Prof Mario Palmerio 1001, BR-38200000 Frutal, MG - Brazil

^[6] Univ Estadual Campinas UNICAMP, Inst Quim, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP - Brazil

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: ANTI-CANCER AGENTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY; v. 21, n. 12, p. 1602-1611, 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

Background: Several metal-based molecules that display cytotoxicity against multiple cell lines have been pursued in an attempt to fight against cancer and to overcome the typical side effects of drugs like cisplatin. In this scenario, ruthenium complexes have been extensively studied due to their activity in both in vitro and in vivo biological systems, including various cancer cell strains. Objective: We aimed to develop a method to synthesize novel {[}Ru(NO)(bpy)2L2]2+ complexes containing amino acid ligands by using an alternative Click Chemistry approach, namely the copper azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC reaction), to construct nitrosyl/nitrite complexes bearing a modified lysine residue. Methods: We synthesized a new ligand by Click Chemistry approach and new compounds bearing the unprecedented ligand. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the classical MTT colorimetric assay. MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 cells were used as breast cancer cell models. MCF-10 was used as a model of healthy cells. Results: Amino acid ligands related to N3-Lys(Fmoc) and the new pyLys were successfully synthesized by the diazotransfer reaction and the CuAAC reaction, respectively. The latter reaction involves coupling between N3-Lys(Fmoc) and 3ethynylpyridine. Both N3-Lys(Fmoc) and the new pyLys were introduced into the ruthenium bipyridine complex I, or cis-{[}RuII(NO)(NO2)(bpy)2]2+, to generate the common nitro-based complex III, which was further converted to the final complex IV. Results of the MTT assay proved the cytotoxic effect of cis{[}RuII(NO)(pyLysO-)(bpy)2](PF6)2 against the mammalian breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB231. Conclusion: The viability assays revealed that complex IV, bearing a NO group and a modified lysine residue, was able to release NO and cross tumor cell membranes. In this work, Complex IV was observed to be the most active ruthenium bipyridine complex against the mammalian breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB231: it was approximately twice as active as cisplatin, whilst complexes I?III proved to be less cytotoxic than complex IV. Additional tests using healthy MCF 10A cells showed that complexes II?IV were three- to sixfold less toxic than cisplatin, which suggested that complex IV was selective against cancer cells. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/22127-2 - Development of novel materials strategic for integrated analytical devices
• Grantee: Lauro Tatsuo Kubota
• Support Opportunities: Research Projects - Thematic Grants
• FAPESP's process: 19/19448-8 - Effect of photobiomodulation as synergistic addendum on photocytotoxicity of ruthenium-phthalocyanine compounds as nitric oxide and singlet oxygen producers: in vitro biochemical evaluation in two- and three-dimensional (3D) tumor cell lines
• Grantee: Roberto Santana da Silva
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants