Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdown

Author(s)

Contador, Thais Miike ^[1] ; Alcantara, Enner ^[1] ; Rodrigues, Thanan ^[2] ; Park, Edward ^{[3, 4]}

Affiliation

^[1] Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Dept Environm Engn, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP - Brazil

^[2] Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Para State, Castanhal, PA - Brazil

^[3] Nanyang Technol Univ, Asian Sch Environm, Singapore - Singapore

^[4] Nanyang Technol Univ, Natl Inst Educ, Singapore - Singapore

• Document type: Journal article
• Source: REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS-SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT; v. 22, APR 2021.
• Web of Science Citations: 0

Abstract

As of October 8th, 2020, the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Brazil due to COVID-19 hit 5,002,357 and 148,304, respectively, making the country one of the most affected by the pandemic. The State of Sao Paulo (SSP) hosts the largest number of confirmed cases in Brazil, with over 1,016,755 cases to date. This study was carried out to investigate how the social distancing measures could have influenced the Ibitinga reservoir's water transparency in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. We hypothesize that although the city's drainage is the major reservoir's input, as opposed to what has been reported elsewhere, the effect of extensive lockdown in the city of Sao Paulo due to COVID-19 is marginal on the water transparency. A time series of OLI/Landsat-8 images since 2014 were used to estimate the Secchi Disk Depth (Z(SD)). The COVID-19 cases and deaths (per 100,000 inhabitants), and social isolation index were used to find links between the Z(SD) and COVID-19. The results showed that the highest Z(DS) (higher than 1.6 m) occurred during the dry season (Austral autumn and beginning of Austral winter) and the lowest (0.4-0.8 m) during March 2020 (end of Austral summer). Paired sample t-Tests between images of 2020 and all the others showed that April 20th values were not different from that of June 14th, April 17th and March 18th. Z(SD) values from May 20th were not statistically different from May 14th and April 15th; June 20th values were not different from June 14th; and March 20th values were statistically different from all. We therefore conclude that, based on satellite data, the lockdown in SSP unlikely have influenced the water transparency in the Ibitinga reservoir. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 19/00259-0 - Algorithms development to retrieve water quality parameters from space
• Grantee: Enner Herenio de Alcântara
• Support Opportunities: Regular Research Grants